This study examines the use of cognitive control during second language (L2) processing by adult language learners. Although cognitive control has been acknowledged as an important component of language processing for years, its conception was as a top-down mechanism of inhibition. Our functional MRI study investigated the correlates of both top-down and bottom-up control as well as semantic decision-making in a group of Spanish learners who varied in proficiency. We observed that multivariate activity patterns...

In simultaneous interpreting, speech comprehension and production processes have to be coordinated in close temporal proximity. To examine the coordination, Dutch-English bilingual participants were presented with narrative fragments recorded in English at speech rates varying from 100 to 200 words per minute and they were asked to translate the fragments into Dutch (interpreting) or repeat them in English (shadowing). Interpreting yielded more errors than shadowing at every speech rate, and increasing speech rate had a...

In simultaneous interpreting, speech comprehension and production processes have to be coordinated in close temporal proximity. To examine the coordination, Dutch-English bilingual participants were presented with narrative fragments recorded in English at speech rates varying from 100 to 200 words per minute and they were asked to translate the fragments into Dutch (interpreting) or repeat them in English (shadowing). Interpreting yielded more errors than shadowing at every speech rate, and increasing speech rate had a...

Predictable words tend to be phonetically reduced relative to unpredictable words. Under “listener-oriented” accounts of this phenomenon, the talker has tacit knowledge of their interlocutor's mental state. These theories consequently predict that individual variation in theory of mind is related to magnitude of probabilistic phonetic reduction. The current study tests this prediction for three acoustic variables (word duration, vowel duration, and vowel dispersion) in two definitions of predictability (contextual predictability and discourse mention). A relationship...

This study examines the use of cognitive control during second language (L2) processing by adult language learners. Although cognitive control has been acknowledged as an important component of language processing for years, its conception was as a top-down mechanism of inhibition. Our functional MRI study investigated the correlates of both top-down and bottom-up control as well as semantic decision-making in a group of Spanish learners who varied in proficiency. We observed that multivariate activity patterns...

Predictable words tend to be phonetically reduced relative to unpredictable words. Under “listener-oriented” accounts of this phenomenon, the talker has tacit knowledge of their interlocutor's mental state. These theories consequently predict that individual variation in theory of mind is related to magnitude of probabilistic phonetic reduction. The current study tests this prediction for three acoustic variables (word duration, vowel duration, and vowel dispersion) in two definitions of predictability (contextual predictability and discourse mention). A relationship...

How do skilled Chinese readers, accustomed to characters, process Pinyin, a phonemic transcription of Chinese? Does the orthography of Chinese characters become activated? In four experiments, native speakers first made a meaning judgment on a two-syllable word written in Pinyin. Immediately following, they responded to a character whose orthography sometimes was related to the character corresponding to the Pinyin. In Experiments 1 and 3, participant named the colour of the presented characters; there was an...

How do skilled Chinese readers, accustomed to characters, process Pinyin, a phonemic transcription of Chinese? Does the orthography of Chinese characters become activated? In four experiments, native speakers first made a meaning judgment on a two-syllable word written in Pinyin. Immediately following, they responded to a character whose orthography sometimes was related to the character corresponding to the Pinyin. In Experiments 1 and 3, participant named the colour of the presented characters; there was an...

In French cities, because of a rigid school catchment area policy based on students’ place of residence, there is a strong correlation between socio-residential segregation and school segregation. But the latter is not merely a simple, mechanical reflection of the former. Many processes (the choice of private schools or of specific and very often selective and rare curricula that make it possible to avoid the local public middle school; disability; siblings; personal convenience) contribute to...

In French cities, because of a rigid school catchment area policy based on students’ place of residence, there is a strong correlation between socio-residential segregation and school segregation. But the latter is not merely a simple, mechanical reflection of the former. Many processes (the choice of private schools or of specific and very often selective and rare curricula that make it possible to avoid the local public middle school; disability; siblings; personal convenience) contribute to...

Supplemental material, USJ811733_supplemental_material for Urban and school segregation in Paris: The complexity of contextual effects on school achievement: The case of middle schools in the Paris metropolitan area by Marco Oberti and Yannick Savina in Urban Studies

Supplemental material, USJ811733_supplemental_material for Urban and school segregation in Paris: The complexity of contextual effects on school achievement: The case of middle schools in the Paris metropolitan area by Marco Oberti and Yannick Savina in Urban Studies

Hyperinsulinemia impaired flow induced dilation by disturbing the balance between vasodilators such as nitric oxide and vasoconstrictors such as endothelin 1

In the big data era, the use of large-scale machine learning methods is becoming ubiquitous in data exploration tasks ranging from business intelligence and bioinformatics to self-driving cars. In these domains, a number of queries are composed of various kinds of operators, such as relational operators for preprocessing input data, and machine learning models for complex analysis. Usually, these learning methods heavily rely on matrix computations. As a result, it is imperative to develop novel...

IntroductionThree-dimensional (3D) printing is a new modality which makes a true-to-life 3D model using sophisticated technology. The authors report its first use in a complex case of a large pulmonary arteriovenous (AV) malformation.Case SummaryA 23-year-old patient presented with severe central cyanosis and clubbing. His echocardiogram was normal. A chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary angiogram revealed a large AV malformation. A repeat echocardiogram with injection of agitated saline into a peripheral vein showed appearance of...

Supplemental Figures S1 - S6Supplemental Table S1 contains list of all the strains usedSupplemental Table S2 contains list of PCR conditions for genotypes all strains.Supplemental Table S3 contains statistical data for all comparisons reported in the text.

Figure S1 contains evolutionary relationships of PAX gene family in rabbit. Figure S2 contains the gene expression levels of PAX4 determined by qPCR. Figure S3 contains mutation detection results of 8 F0 rabbits obtained by T-cloning and Sanger sequencing. Table S1 contains the primers of potential off-target sites (POTS) used in this study. Table S2 contains the primers used for qPCR. Table S3 contains results of urinalysis.

Given the relatively long life of stem cells (SCs), efficient mechanisms of quality control to balance cell survival and resistance to external and internal stress are required. Our objective was to test the relevance of cell quality control mechanisms for SCs maintenance, differentiation and resistance to cell death. We compared cell quality control in P19 stem cells (P19SCs) before and after differentiation (P19dCs). Differentiation of P19SCs resulted in alterations in parameters involved in cell survival...

Given the relatively long life of stem cells (SCs), efficient mechanisms of quality control to balance cell survival and resistance to external and internal stress are required. Our objective was to test the relevance of cell quality control mechanisms for SCs maintenance, differentiation and resistance to cell death. We compared cell quality control in P19 stem cells (P19SCs) before and after differentiation (P19dCs). Differentiation of P19SCs resulted in alterations in parameters involved in cell survival...

This national climate change profile, a series of 25 national-level assessments, is the product of the African Development Bank-led project “Enhancing the capacity of African countries to use climate information to inform decision-making and implement NDCs”,
The ACDI, ERC and CSAG co-produced high quality, useful climate profiles for up to 25 African countries. This process involved consistent engagement throughout with the AfDB team, as well as a Scoping and Piloting Phases to support the development of...

Purpose: The goal of this research was to institute an evidence base behind commonly used elicitation materials known as binomials (e.g., “day and night”) that are commonly used for persons with aphasia (PWAs). The study explored a number of linguistic variables that could influence successful binomial completion in nonaphasic adults and PWAs.Method: Thirty nonaphasic adults and 11 PWAs were asked to verbally complete 128 binomials; responses were scored by accuracy and reaction time. Binomials were...

The Victorian Child's Lifecourse Journey in Data maps data that is routinely or often collected in Victoria, Australia, across the lifespan from pre-conception to adulthood.
It aims to summarise a complex and changing landscape in a simple infographic and supporting table. This is version two and is correct to the best of our knowledge as of September 2018.

—Digital Appendix / Documentation of the PhD Study: IM-Medea: Posthumanism and Remediation in Music Theatre.—

This is a zip file with all the code and other relevant files that was developed and used for the first experiment of this PhD study

The potential of genomic DNA is realized when new modalities are invented that manipulate large DNAs with minimal breakage or loss of sample. Here, we describe a polydimethylsiloxane–polycarbonate membrane device to remove small molecules from a sample while retaining large DNAs. Dialysis rates dramatically change as DNA size in kb (M) increases and DNA dimensions become comparable to pore size, and chain characteristics go from rod-like to Gaussian. Consequently, we describe empirical rates of dialysis,...

These data files are from an experiment investigating protein preference behaviour and associated neural activity in ventral tegmental area.
Data files are acquired via Tucker Davis Tech. hardware and represent fluorescent signals recorded in a fibre photometry experiment with associated timestamps showing licking behaviour and sipper presentation. Full description of the methods is published on bioRxiv (https://doi.org/10.1101/542340).
The raw data files from TDT which include all signals and videos are archived in two 7zip-compressed files - PPP1_tdtfiles.7z...