The AE index was proposed by Davis and Sugiura [1966] to measure a global electrojet activity in the auroral zone. It is derived from geomagnetic field variations in the H component measured at 12 stations along the auroral zone in the northern hemisphere.

The climate_indices dataset offers 15 temperaure and 12 precipitation extreme indices calculated using S14FD retrospective meteorological forcing dataset and CMIP5_CDFDM_S14FD bias-corrected CMIP5 GCM outputs from 1958 to 2100.

The CMIP5_CDFDM_S14FD dataset is bias-corrected CMIP5 GCM daily data developed using CDFDM as the bias-correction method and S14FD as the reference. The dataset offers daily data of 11 climatic variables over the globe from 1961 to 2100 under 4 RCPs and 8 GCMs. The data over the sea and Antarctica are not bias-corrected (i.e., the raw GCM data were used), whereas those over the land are bias-corrected. Variables include daily mean 2m air temperature (tave2m,...

The S14 retrospecitive meteorological forcing dataset (S14FD) offers daily data of 11 climatic variables over the globe from 1958 to 2013. The data over the sea and Antarctica are not bias-corrected (i.e., the raw data of the JRA-55 reanalysis were used), whereas those over the land are bias-corrected. Variables include daily mean 2m air temperature (tave2m, °C), daily maximum 2m air temperature (tmax2m, °C), daily minimum 2m air temperature (tmin2m, °C), daily total precipitation (precsfc,...

retrospective atmospheric boundary conditions (9 variables: Rainfall, Snowfall, 2m Air Temperature, 2m Specific Humidity, Surface Pressure, Downward Shortwave Radiation, Downward Longwave Radiation, 10m Wind Speed, and Cloud Cover Fraction) for 1901-2010 in 3-hourly resolution are generated. 20th Century Reanalysis (20CR) [compo2011] [Compo el al., 2011] on global 2° resolution is dynamically downscaled into T248 (~0.5°) grid using a spectral nudging technique [Yoshimura and Kanamitsu 2008] in a Global Spectral Model (GSM) [Figure 2]. This successfully...

The present data set is a set of daily observational data of background CO2 mixing ratios in midlatitude Asian region, measured at the summit of Mt. Fuji which is the highest mountain in Japan (3776 m a.s.l.) and located in the middle of mainland Japan. Its summit is located in the free troposphere which means it is not affected directly by air at ground level for most of the year. The daily variations of CO2...

The GAME-Tibet project is an international land-atmosphere interaction field experiment implemented in the Tibetan Plateau both at the plateau scale and a meso-scale under the framework of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) / Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME). The overall goal of GAME-Tibet is to clarify the interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau in the context of the Asian Monsoon system.

The Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (ODIAC) is a high spatial resolution emission dataset for CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion (Oda and Maksyutov, 2011). In 2009, the original version of ODIAC was developed by Drs. Tomohiro Oda (now at USRA/NASA Goddard) and Shamil Maksyutov at the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) project, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). ODIAC first introduced the combined use of nightlight data and individual power plant emission/location profiles...

This dataset includes data measured with induction magnetometer and electrodes that are installed at Muroto, Japan.

Wind profiler is a Doppler radar for measuring wind from the ground. It can measure wind vectors above the radar site utilizing the clear-air echo. Clear-air echo is caused by fluctuation of the refractive index in which the scale is half the radar wavelength (Bragg scattering). From the Doppler shift of along a certain beam direction, the line-of-sight velocity along the radar beam can be measured. Assuming horizontal homogeneity of wind field, three components of...

The present data set is time series data of atmospheric N2O mixing ratios measured at Cape Ochi-ishi situated at the base of Nemuro Peninsula in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The monitoring station is located on top of a cliff 50 m above ground at the southern tip of the cape facing the Pacific Ocean. Air is sampled from an intake placed on a tower adjacent to the observation station about 50 m above ground level, and...

The present data set is time series data of atmospheric N2O mixing ratios measured on Hateruma Island, Japan. Hateruma Island is a small ellipse-shaped island in east-west direction with an area of 13 m2, and is the southwestern-most inhabited island of the Japanese archipelago with a population of 500. The monitoring station is located at the eastern tip of the island. Air is sampled from an intake placed on a tower adjacent to the observation...

The present data set is time series data of atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios measured on Hateruma Island, Japan. Hateruma Island is a small ellipse-shaped island in east-west direction with an area of 13 m2, and is the southwestern-most inhabited island of the Japanese archipelago with a population of 500. The monitoring station is located at the eastern tip of the island. Air is sampled from an intake placed on a tower adjacent to the observation...

The present data set is time series data of atmospheric methane (CH4) mixing ratios measured at Cape Ochi-ishi situated at the base of Nemuro Peninsula in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The monitoring station is located on top of a cliff 50 m above ground at the southern tip of the cape facing the Pacific Ocean. Air is sampled from an intake placed on a tower adjacent to the observation station about 50 m above ground level,...

The present data set is a set of continuous observational data of background CO2 mixing ratios in the vicinity of 40°N in the northern region of East Asia, measured at Cape Ochi-ishi situated on Nemuro Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. Because Cape Ochi-ishi, stretching into the Pacific Ocean, has a low population density and because the cape itself is a protected area with limited access, it is subjected to very small influence from local anthropogenic CO2 emissions....

The present data set is a set of continuous observational data of background CO2 mixing ratios in the vicinity of 20°N in the Western Pacific Ocean facing East Asia, measured on Hateruma Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Hateruma Island is a small island with a diameter of approx. 5 km. Because it is subjected to very small influence from local terrestrial ecosystem and/or anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the daily variations are small and the CO2 mixing ratios...

The Wp index was proposed by Nose et al. [2012] to measure the Pi2 wave power at low latitude. It is derived from 1-s geomagnetic field variations in the H component measured at 11 stations at low latitude.

Ionospheric parameters are manually scaled from ionograms which are obtained at Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan by the swept frequency ionosonde for the range between 1 and 30 MHz. Scaled parameters are the ordinary-mode critical frequencies (foE, foF1, foF2) and the minimum virtual heights (h'E, h'F1, h'F2) corresponding to E (90-120 km), and F (> 120km) layers of the ionosphere; and the minimum observation frequency (fmin), which can be a measure of the D (80-90 km) region...

The ionogram is recorded tracings of high-frequency (HF) radio pulses reflected in the ionosphere. It is produced by the vertical incidence ionospheric sounder (ionosonde) at Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan. The sounding frequency is swept from 1 to 30 MHz. The height is calculated from the traveling time of the sounding radio wave and the light velocity, i.e., virtual height. Echo traces are composed of ordinary and extraordinary mode by the effect of the Earth's magnetic field...

Ionospheric parameters are automatically scaled from ionograms which are obtained at Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan by the swept frequency ionosonde for the range between 1 and 30 MHz. Scaled parameters are the ordinary-mode critical frequencies (foE, foF1, foF2) and the minimum virtual heights (h'E, h'F1, h'F2) corresponding to E (90-120 km), and F (> 120km) layers of the ionosphere; and the minimum observation frequency (fmin), which can be a measure of the D (80-90 km) region...

The ionogram is recorded tracings of high-frequency (HF) radio pulses reflected in the ionosphere. It is produced by the vertical incidence ionospheric sounder (ionosonde) at Yamagawa, Kagoshima, Japan. The sounding frequency is swept from 1 to 30 MHz. The height is calculated from the traveling time of the sounding radio wave and the light velocity, i.e., virtual height. Echo traces are composed of ordinary and extraordinary mode by the effect of the Earth's magnetic field...

Ionospheric parameters are automatically scaled from ionograms which are obtained at Yamagawa, Kagoshima, Japan by the swept frequency ionosonde for the range between 1 and 30 MHz. Scaled parameters are the ordinary-mode critical frequencies (foE, foF1, foF2) and the minimum virtual heights (h'E, h'F1, h'F2) corresponding to E (90-120 km), and F (> 120km) layers of the ionosphere; and the minimum observation frequency (fmin), which can be a measure of the D (80-90 km) region...

Ionospheric parameters are manually scaled from ionograms which are obtained at Yamagawa, Kagoshima, Japan by the swept frequency ionosonde for the range between 1 and 30 MHz. Scaled parameters are the ordinary-mode critical frequencies (foE, foF1, foF2) and the minimum virtual heights (h'E, h'F1, h'F2) corresponding to E (90-120 km), and F (> 120km) layers of the ionosphere; and the minimum observation frequency (fmin), which can be a measure of the D (80-90 km) region...

The ionogram is recorded tracings of high-frequency (HF) radio pulses reflected in the ionosphere. It is produced by the vertical incidence ionospheric sounder (ionosonde) at Okinawa, Japan. The sounding frequency is swept from 1 to 30 MHz. The height is calculated from the traveling time of the sounding radio wave and the light velocity, i.e., virtual height. Echo traces are composed of ordinary and extraordinary mode by the effect of the Earth's magnetic field and...

Ionospheric parameters are automatically scaled from ionograms which are obtained at Okinawa, Japan by the swept frequency ionosonde for the range between 1 and 30 MHz. Scaled parameters are the ordinary-mode critical frequencies (foE, foF1, foF2) and the minimum virtual heights (h'E, h'F1, h'F2) corresponding to E (90-120 km), and F (> 120km) layers of the ionosphere; and the minimum observation frequency (fmin), which can be a measure of the D (80-90 km) region electron...