The analyses of future climate change over South Africa as described in the Third National Communication, are from the projections of the Coupled Global Climate Models (CGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Assessment Report (AR) 5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These projections are used to inform on the uncertainty range of the large-scale climate change futures over the southern African region. At the Council for Scientific...

The analyses of future climate change over South Africa as described in the Third National Communication, are from the projections of the Coupled Global Climate Models (CGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Assessment Report (AR) 5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These projections are used to inform on the uncertainty range of the large-scale climate change futures over the southern African region. At the Council for Scientific...

The analyses of future climate change over South Africa as described in the Third National Communication, are from the projections of the Coupled Global Climate Models (CGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Assessment Report (AR) 5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These projections are used to inform on the uncertainty range of the large-scale climate change futures over the southern African region. At the Council for Scientific...

The analyses of future climate change over South Africa as described in the Third National Communication, are from the projections of the Coupled Global Climate Models (CGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Assessment Report (AR) 5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These projections are used to inform on the uncertainty range of the large-scale climate change futures over the southern African region. At the Council for Scientific...

Educators' training manual for Life Science aligned with the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements of the Department of Education.

The Agulhas System Climate Array (ASCA) is a mooring array and is designed to provide long-term observations of the Agulhas Current volume, heat and salt transport of the and it`s variability from mesoscale (eddies), through seasonal to interannual timescales. The ASCA shelf and tall moorings extend 200 km offshore along decending TOPEX/Jason satellite ground track # 96, through the core of the Agulhas Current, with CPIES measurements extending the array to 300 km offshore of...

An updated analysis of trends in South African temperatures is presented in The Third National Communication (TNC) to UNFCCC published in 2018. The analysis builds on the studies of Kruger & Sekele (2012) and Mackellar et al. (2014). A total of 27 weather stations was used for for temperature trends analysis spanning the period 1931-2015. Apart from the trends in the annual mean minimum, maximum and average temperatures, and average diurnal temperature range, the analyses...

An updated analysis of trends in South African temperatures is presented in The Third National Communication (TNC) to UNFCCC published in 2018. The analysis builds on the studies of Kruger & Sekele (2012) and Mackellar et al. (2014). A total of 27 weather stations was used for for temperature trends analysis spanning the period 1931-2015. Apart from the trends in the annual mean minimum, maximum and average temperatures, and average diurnal temperature range, the analyses...

Conservation of biodiversity demands comprehension of evolutionary and ecological patterns and processes that occur over vast spatial and temporal scales. A central goal of ecology is to understand the climatic factors that control ecological processes and this has become even more important in the face of climate change. Especially at global scales, there can be enormous uncertainty in underlying environmental data used to explain ecological processes, but that uncertainty is rarely quantified or incorporated into...

An updated analysis of trends in South African rainfall is presented in The Third National Communication (TNC) to UNFCCC published in 2018. The analysis builds on the studies of Kruger & Sekele (2012) and Mackellar et al. (2014). A total of 60 weather stations were used for the rainfall trend analysis spanning the period 1921-2015. Apart from the trends in the annual rainfall totals, long-term changes in rainfall can manifest in changes in rainfall extremes....

An updated analysis of trends in South African rainfall is presented in The Third National Communication (TNC) to UNFCCC published in 2018. The analysis builds on the studies of Kruger & Sekele (2012) and Mackellar et al. (2014). A total of 60 weather stations were used for the rainfall trend analysis spanning the period 1921-2015. Apart from the trends in the annual rainfall totals, long-term changes in rainfall can manifest in changes in rainfall extremes....

This realistic ocean simulation was run using the Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model (CROCO), based on the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS), which has 60 terrain-following vertical levels. This output (WOES 0.25) is the largest grid of a triply nested configuration: WOES I, WOES II and WOES III, with horizontal resolutions of ~22.5, 7.5 and 2.5 km respectively. Monthly ouputs of the 0.25 degree GLORYS ocean reanalysis is used to force the boundaries of...

A temperature, on a bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), measured hourly temperature readings between 28 April 2017 and 20 April 2018, at a depth of 256m. These hourly values were averaged to daily means. Daily values were only generated for days on which there were 75% or more hourly readings.

A temperature sensor, on a bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), measured hourly temperature readings between 26 April 2015 12h00 and 22 April 2016 03h00, at a depth of 159m. The data were then formatted in a .txt file with data values separated by commas.

The 2016 West Coast Cetacean Cruise operated on the shelf and slope regions off the west coast of South Africa, between Area 1 (Dassen Island, 18.23669, -33.457 and Groenriviermond, 17.52061, -30.8277) and Area 2 (North-East Robben Island and Cape Point). This cruise was undertaken for data collection as part of a collaborative project led by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) in collaboration with the Whale Unit, Mammal Research Institute of the University of Pretoria,...

The Integrated Ecosystem Programme (IEP) cruise: Southern Benguela was conducted on the Algoa V232, 15 - 26 November, 2016. The Integrated Ecosystem Programme is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional platform to undertake relevant science in the Southern Benguela; also functioning as a platform for collaboration and learning. All projects aim to develop an ecosystem indicator that can be used to effectively monitor and understand the Southern Benguela i.e physical, chemical, planktonic, microbial, seabird and benthic ecosystem indicators,...

A subsurface-mounted, Hugrun Seamon Mini Underwater Temperature Recorder (UTR) was deployed at a depth of 5m off Port Nolloth (29.2524°S; 16.8671°E), along the west coast of South Africa. The instrument measured hourly temperature readings between 08 February 1996 and 25 September 1996. These hourly values were averaged to daily means. Daily values were only generated for days on which there were 75 % or more hourly readings.

This realistic ocean simulation was run using the Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model (CROCO), based on the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS), which has 60 terrain-following vertical levels. This output (WOES 0.25) is the largest grid of a triply nested configuration: WOES I, WOES II and WOES III, with horizontal resolutions of ~22.5, 7.5 and 2.5 km respectively. Monthly ouputs of the 0.25 degree GLORYS ocean reanalysis is used to force the boundaries of...

Two subsurface-mounted, Hugrun Seamon Mini Underwater Temperature Recorders (UTR's) were deployed at a depth of 5m off Port Nolloth (29.2524°S; 16.8671°E), along the west coast of South Africa. The instruments measured hourly temperature readings between 09 August 1995 12h00 and 07 February 1996 13h00.

A subsurface-mounted, Hugrun Seamon Mini Underwater Temperature Recorder (UTR) was deployed at a depth of 5m off Port Nolloth (29.2524°S; 16.8671°E), along the west coast of South Africa. The instrument measured hourly temperature readings between 21 November 1991 12h00 and 26 March 1992 11h00.

A subsurface-mounted, Hugrun Seamon Mini Underwater Temperature Recorder (UTR) was deployed at a depth of 5m off Port Nolloth (29.2524°S; 16.8671°E), along the west coast of South Africa. The instrument measured hourly temperature readings between 23 April 1997 13h00 and 14 October 1997 11h00.

The Marion Island Relief Voyage was conducted on the MV S. A. Agulhas II Voyage 019, 7 April to 16 May 2016. The 2016 Marion Relief Voyage 019 offered the 4th opportunity to conduct multi-disciplinary, ship-based marine research focusing on links and interactions between air and sea, ocean physics, chemistry, biogeochemistry and biology, including microbial, planktic and benthic communities on board South Africa’s polar research and supply vessel MV SA Agulhas II en route to,...

Sippican WinMK21 Data Acquisition and Post-Processing Software is used for data collection of T7 Deep Blue XBT probes, rated to 1000m. The data is collected in *.bin format and then converted to *.txt files using the software.The *.txt files contain some metadata at the top of file, but not always fully completed by operators. The processed data has been edited, using the raw text data, where temperature spikes and XBT signal loss, at end of...

The 2020 Marion Relief Voyage 042 on SA Agulhas II offered the 8th opportunity to conduct multi-disciplinary, ship-based oceanographic research on board the SA Agulhas II en route to, and around, the sub Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. Due to the world wide Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent measures implemented by the South African government to contain the spread of the Covid-19 virus in South Africa, the main research objectives (land-based and ship-based) normally associated with...

Sippican WinMK21 Data Acquisition and Post-Processing Software is used for data collection of T7 Deep Blue XBT probes. The data is collected in *.bin format and then converted to *.txt files using software.The *.txt files contain some metadata at the top of file, but not always fully completed by operators.There is no editing done to the data in the acquisition software and so the bottom readings, where the XBT loses signal, have not been removed...