Movie S1. Development of control embryo from stage HH1 to HH3+. The movie shows the development of a control embryo (left panel) and a zoom-in of the formation of the primitive streak (right panel). Inset side 650 µm. The time interval is 3 minutes., Movie S2. Strain rates and deformation grid of control embryo from stage HH1 to HH3+. The movie shows a bright field image (top panel) and strain rate tensor of the same...

Establishing causal relationships between genetic alterations of human cancers and the specific phenotypes of malignancy remains a challenge. We sequentially introduced mutations into healthy human melanocytes in up to five genes spanning six commonly disrupted melanoma pathways forming nine genetically distinct cellular models of melanoma. We connected mutant melanocyte genotypes to malignant cell expression programs in vitro and in vivo, replicative immortality, malignancy, rapid tumor growth, pigmentation, metastasis, and histopathology. Mutations in malignant cells also...

We report the development of a semi-automated image analysis plug-in, MarrowQuant, which employs the open-source software QuPath, to systematically quantify multiple bone components in H&E sections in an unbiased manner. MarrowQuant discerns and quantifies the areas occupied by bone, adipocyte ghosts, hematopoietic cells and the interstitial/microvascular compartment. A separate feature, AdipoQuant, fragments adipocyte ghosts in H&E-stained sections of extramedullary adipose tissue sections to render adipocyte area and size distribution. Quantification of BM hematopoietic cellularity with...