The ballistic behaviour of a bi-layer ceramic-metal target against steel projectile with varying layer thicknesses has been investigated using a three-dimensional finite element model. The bi-layer target was made of alumina 99.5 % ceramic front layer and aluminium 2024-T3 metallic back layer with an areal dimension of 100×100 mm and the thickness of both layers were varied, with the total thickness of the composite being kept as 10 mm and 20 mm. A steel 4340...