Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

The present review investigates the association between the presence of urological disorders and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study suggests that sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can increase the risk of infecting sexual partner or being infected with HIV. However, community-based STI control was not proved to be an effective HIV prevention strategy, although a few clinical trials revealed the possibility that aggressive treatment of STIs could decrease the transmission of HIV in...

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Bacterial vaginosis has a significant relative risk for miscarriage or prematurity of 1.4–6.9%. In the initial Erfurt trial 0.3% of the neonates with gestational age less than 32+0 weeks were seen in an intervention group vs. 3.3% (p less than .01) in the control group; in the Thuringia campaign the figures were 0.94% vs. 1.36% (p less than .01) for the entire state. The rate of newborns less than 1,000 g was reduced to 0.38%,...

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re-evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), the Pregnancy Risk Group and the germ cell mutagenicity of formic acid methyl ester [107-31-3]. No neurobehavioral effects were observed in subjects exposed to 100 ml/m3 for 8 hours at rest. After taking the increased respiratory volume at the workplace into account because the blood:air partition coefficient of formic...

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re-evaluated the biological tolerance value (BAT value) of carbon monoxide (CO) [630-08-0]. Exercising healthy test persons became statistically significantly faster exhausted at CO exposures resulting in a CO-Hb content of 3.35 to 5.1%. This was only observed with very high physical activity (minute volume of 100 l/min) which is much higher than that assumed to be realistic in...

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated biological reference values (BAR) for selenium [7782-49-2] in plasma and in urine to characterise the internal exposure. Selenium is an essential trace element, which is incorporated in considerable amounts by nutrition. Occupational exposure can lead to an additional selenium uptake. Its metabolism and distribution behaviour are complex. In plasma most selenium is bound to proteins and demonstrates...

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated the background concentration of gadolinium [7440-54-2] in occupationally not exposed persons of the general population without gadolinium application for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, MRT measurements). Available publications are described in detail. In total, only few publications on the background exposure to gadolinium could be found, some of which used different analytical methods and different sample matrices (urine,...

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated cresyl glycidyl ethers (o-isomer [2210-79-9], mixture of isomers [26447-14-3]) considering all toxicological end points. The critical effect of cresyl glycidyl ethers is skin sensitization in humans and animals. In rats, local irritation is observed after inhalation. Cresyl glycidyl ethers are a direct mutagen in bacteria and the mutagenicity is considerably reduced by adding S9-mix. In Big Blue...

The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area developed and verified the presented biomonitoring method.The method described herein enables the selective and quantitative determination of geraniol metabolites in human urine into the concentration range relevant for environmental exposure. The following four metabolites can be determined using this method: 8‑carboxygeraniol, Hildebrandt acid, geranic acid, and 3‑hydroxycitronellic acid. Hildebrandt acid,...

The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area developed and verified the presented biomonitoring method.With the procedure described below, the following lysmeral metabolites are determined in urine: hydroxylysmerylic acid, 4‑tert‑butylbenzoic acid (TBBA), tert‑butylhippuric acid (TBHA), lysmerylic acid, and lysmerol. Following the addition of the deuterated internal standards (TBBA‑d 13 , lysmerylic acid‑d 8 , and lysmerol‑d 8 )...

The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area developed and verified the presented biomonitoring method.With the procedure described below, the following lysmeral metabolites are determined in urine: hydroxylysmerylic acid, 4‑tert-butylbenzoic acid (TBBA), tert-butylhippuric acid (TBHA), lysmerylic acid, and lysmerol. Following the addition of the deuterated internal standards (TBBA‑d 13 , lysmerylic acid‑d 8 , and lysmerol‑d 8 )...

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated oils consisting of triglycerides (lard oil [8016-28-2], palm oil [8002-75-3], rapeseed oil [8002-13-9], soybean oil [8001-22-7]) to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) considering all toxicological end points. Available publications are described in detail. The term “triglycerides” refers to mixtures of fatty acid triglycerides, i.e. oily extracts of plant or animal origin. These mixtures...