A further method for measuring methane production is the sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) tracer technique, which requires inserting a known quantity of the inert tracer into the rumen. The use of the SF₆ tracer technique to quantify enteric CH4 emissions from grazing ruminants was pioneered by Zimmerman and Johnson. The SF₆ tracer technique is an indirect method to quantify CH4 emissions from ruminants because only a representative quantity of gas produced by the animal is collected;...

Due to the industrialization and globalization of food production, food supply chains became increasingly complex, which led to a multitude of steps that products must pass during production, processing and distribution. At the same time, the quality standards and requirements for shelf life were raised in order to allow for the most efficient delivery and exploitation of the sales period of fresh products, especially for meat. During the supply, meat is exposed to several environments...

Introduction: Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) have a high impact on patients’ quality of life and high direct and indirect costs for public health. Therefore, optimal management should be of high priority. Methods: Current international guidelines were reviewed, and a systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase. Results: Several risks factors have been identified and used in everyday clinical practice to plan the correct strategy for recurrence prevention. Among all factors,...

Kapitel im Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Kapitel des Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Novel biomarkers are used to facilitate the early diagnosis, timely treatment, and prognosis of renal pathology in children. Technological progress on the one hand and a remarkable clinical significance of biomarkers on the other hand are subjects of scientific and clinical value. In spite of marked progress in this field, sensitivity and specificity of novel biomarkers represent a concern that is still prevailing. Furthermore, the identification of a perfect biomarker is of particular importance and...

The purpose of the present review is to report the incidence and characteristics of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) in urology with their microbiological and resistance patterns. Urinary tract infections are the main type of healthcare-associated infection in patients hospitalized in a urology ward. Patients admitted to urology departments report a high prevalence of urinary tract catheterization, up to 75% during the hospitalization period, and up to 20% had a urinary catheter before admission. An...

There are ongoing philosophical, moral, and societal debates about experiments on live animals. Along with a consequentialist approach, it may be considered that an action – here an experiment on live animals – is morally acceptable if the knowledge it aims to produce can result in an overall benefit. In other words, it is acceptable if the constraints imposed on the animals involved are outweighed by the larger benefits expected for others (humans or animals)....