Background: Microvascular complications are common in diabetes mellitus (DM). Approximately 30% of the patients with DM developed chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is associated with higher mortality risk before progressing to kidney failure. The integration of electronic health records (EHRs) and high-throughput multiomics data has shown great potential in personalised medicine. This thesis aims to identify biomarker clusters (corresponding to underlying systemic factors) of CKD progression in type...