Many types of bacteria are now insensitive to antibiotics, the drugs which were designed to kill them; this insensitivity is known as antibiotic resistance (AR). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is responsible for widely distributing antibiotic resistance among bacteria. ‘Superbugs’, such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are particularly evasive, with resistance to several different antibiotics. The expression of high levels of resistance in these bacteria is due to novel, non-standard, proteins, including Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a),...