Background:The first-line clinical strategy for small cartilage/osteochondral defects is microfracture (MF). However, its repair efficacy needs improvement.Hypothesis:Appropriate energy radial shockwave stimulation in MF holes would greatly improve repair efficacy in the porcine osteochondral defect model, and it may obtain comparable performance with common tissue engineering techniques.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Osteochondral defect models (8-mm diameter, 3-mm depth) were established in the weightbearing area of Bama pigs’ medial femoral condyles. In total, 25 minipigs were randomly divided into...