Background:Although the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report recommended high-dose proton pump inhibitor–amoxicillin dual therapy as possible rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection, clinical evidence of its efficacy was lacking.Objectives:To compare the efficacy, safety, patient compliance, and cost between high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) and culture-based susceptibility-guided therapy (CB-SGT) as a rescue regimen for H. pylori infection.Design:A single-center, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial.Methods:In all, 146 patients with a history of eradication failure were enrolled and randomly assigned to...