Here, we map a series of stalagmites from Asturias, Spain, by laser ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry and confocal laser scanning (fluorescence) microscopy and discuss the origins of trace element and fluorescence variations. Seasonal banding is evident with both methods and may be attributed to lignins/humic acids based on fluorescence absorption and emission characteristics. Some lateral variations in fluorescence present as saw-tooth “spires” and demonstrate disruptions of seasonal banding, corroborated by trace element variations (most prominently...