The advance of NGS technologies opened exciting research avenues, as for example expanding the study of the mechanisms underlying adaptation from model organisms to natural systems. We used NGS technologies to sequence 12 RNA-seq libraries, and provide the first transcriptomes of two endemic Iberian Cyprinids. The species Squalius carolitertii and S. torgalensis inhabit different regions of Portugal with distinct climate types, Atlantic in the North and Mediterranean in the South, respectively. While northern regions present...