Premise Although vanilla is one of the best-known spices, there is a limited understanding of its biology and genetics within Mexico, where its cultivation originated and where phenotypic variability is high. This study aims to augment our understanding of vanilla’s genetic resources by assessing species delimitation and genetic, geographic, and climatic variability within Mexican cultivated vanilla. Methods Nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data from 58 Mexican samples collected from three regions and 133 ex-situ accessions...