Pitheciidae is a New Word primate family composed of two subfamilies (Callicebinae and Pitheciinae). The three extant pitheciine genera, Pithecia, Cacajao and Chiropotes are all endemic to the Amazon region. Because of the uncertainties about intraspecific relationships, we reviewed the systematics and taxonomy of the genus Chiropotes. The phylogenetic analyses were performed based on Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, while species delimitation analyses were carried out using multispecies coalescent methods. In addition, we estimated genetic...