1. Higher temperatures, declining precipitation, changing cloud cover, and increased wildfires threaten tropical montane pine forests by overriding the environmental heterogeneity that typically buffers these systems from catastrophic fires. Severe fires threaten to overwhelm forest resilience and tip this biome into alternate vegetation states. 2. This study focused on long-term dynamics of montane Pinus occidentalis forests in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic, after a ~1000 km2 fire in 2005, the largest since 1965. We used...