Aim: We investigated evolutionary relationships and biogeographical patterns within the genus Boeckella to evaluate: 1) whether its current widespread distribution in the Southern Hemisphere is due to recent long-distance dispersal or long-term diversification; and 2) the age and origin of sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Boeckella species, with particular focus on the most widely distributed species: B. poppei. Location: South America, sub-Antarctic islands, maritime Antarctica, continental Antarctica and Australasia. Methods: To reconstruct phylogenetic patterns of Boeckella, we...