As a form of pollution source control and a low-impact development measure, bioretention is a convenient, economical and effective method for the removal of heavy metals from stormwater runoff, which can adapt to the randomness and uncontrollability of non-point source pollution. However, few studies have assessed the performance of bioretention in the simultaneous removal multiple heavy metals and the impact of heavy metal migration on the bioretention life cycle. In this study, the removal rates...