Mitophagy that selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria is an essential mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Recently, mitophagy has been shown to be induced in host cells infected by a few animal viruses. Here, we report that southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a plant nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus, can also trigger mitophagy in its planthopper vector to prevent mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and promote persistent viral propagation. We find that the fibrillar structures constructed by the nonstructural protein P7-1...