Hosts can initiate macroautophagy/autophagy as an antiviral defense response, while viruses have developed multiple ways to evade the host autophagic degradation. However, little is known as to whether viruses can target lipids to subvert autophagic degradation. Here, we show that a low abundant signaling lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), is required for rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) to evade the autophagic degradation in the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus. RBSDV binds to PtdIns(3,5)P2 and elevates its level...