Airway surface liquid (ASL) overlays the respiratory epithelia and consists of two layers: the gel layer and the periciliary layer (PCL). The gel layer contains soluble mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B, secreted primarily from goblet cells and mucous cells within submucosal glands (not shown), respectively. The soluble mucins are major contributors to the viscosity and gel-like properties of this layer which enables the impediment of airway pollutants to be cleared by mucociliary clearance. Compared to the...

Supplemental Document

SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2r) from Guangdong and Guangxi pangolins have been implicated in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemics. We previously reported the culture of a SARS-CoV-2r GX_P2V from Guangxi pangolins. Here we report the GX_P2V isolate rapidly adapted to Vero cells by acquiring two genomic mutations: an alanine to valine substitution in the nucleoprotein and a 104-nucleotide deletion in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the 3′-terminus untranslated region (3′-UTR). We further report the...

To determine the value of dual-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics in predicting the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for hysteromyoma. A total of 142 patients with 172 hysteromyomas (95 hysteromyomas from the sufficient ablation group, and 77 hysteromyomas from the insufficient ablation group) were enrolled in the study. The clinical–radiological model was constructed with independent clinical–radiological risk factors, the radiomics model was constructed based on the optimal radiomics features of hysteromyoma from...

Nuclear paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies contracted by nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) long non-coding RNA, localised in the interchromatin space of mammalian cell nuclei. Paraspeckles have been critically involved in tumour progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. To this date, there are limited findings to suggest that paraspeckles, NEAT1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) directly or indirectly play roles in osteosarcoma progression. Herein, we analysed NEAT1, paraspeckle proteins (SFPQ, PSPC1 and NONO) and hnRNP members (HNRNPK, HNRNPM,...

Nuclear paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies contracted by nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) long non-coding RNA, localised in the interchromatin space of mammalian cell nuclei. Paraspeckles have been critically involved in tumour progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. To this date, there are limited findings to suggest that paraspeckles, NEAT1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) directly or indirectly play roles in osteosarcoma progression. Herein, we analysed NEAT1, paraspeckle proteins (SFPQ, PSPC1 and NONO) and hnRNP members (HNRNPK, HNRNPM,...

The structural instability of inactivated Foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen hinders the development of vaccine industry. The use of an inexpensive, biocompatible formulation to slow down the degradation of antigen would address the problem. Here, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was showed to be effective in stabilizing 146S and hence determined as basic solution buffer. Excipients such as trehalose, sucrose, arginine, cysteine, calcium chloride, BSA and ascorbic acid were found to protect 146S from massive structural breakdown. Using...

Abstract Background Many researchers have noticed that there is an increasing trend of Bielschowsky acquired comitant esotropia (ACE) in recent years related to excessive near work, but the exact pathogenesis and treatment methods have not been reported yet. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the clinical features of this ACE in adults and to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in these patients. Methods This was a prospective consecutive case series of 47 patients...

Abstract Background Many researchers have noticed that there is an increasing trend of Bielschowsky acquired comitant esotropia (ACE) in recent years related to excessive near work, but the exact pathogenesis and treatment methods have not been reported yet. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the clinical features of this ACE in adults and to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in these patients. Methods This was a prospective consecutive case series of 47 patients...

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The mRNA level of CBFA1 in qRT-PCR (a) and RNA-Seq (b). *P < 0.05.

Additional file 4: Figure S4. HE (scale bar = 50 μm) and Masson (scale bar = 50 μm) staining were performed to evaluate ectopic bone formation in nude mice (n=4).

Abstract Background There is an annual increase in the incidence of invasive fungal disease (IFD) of the lung worldwide, but it is always a challenge for physicians to make an early diagnosis of IFD of the lung. Computed tomography (CT) may play a certain role in the diagnosis of IFD of the lung, however, there are no specific imaging signs for differentiating IFD of lung from bacterial pneumonia (BP). Methods A total of 214 patients...

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Associations between L-carnitine and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide with complex pathogenesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in various diseases, including glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of circ_0047835 and underlying mechanisms in the development of fibrosis after glaucoma filtration surgery. Human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) were stimulated using transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to mimic a cellular model of glaucoma in vitro. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8...

Supplementary material

The accurate detection of nanoplastics is crucial due to their harmful effects on the environment and human beings. In this research, we successfully constructed an Ag/CuO nanowire (NW)/BaTiO3@PVDF Bowl-shaped substrate with a nanowire-in-Bowl-shaped piezoelectric cavity structure that can modulate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by the piezoelectric effect by the virtue of the molecular gripper of the CuO NW and optical field amplifier of the Bowl-shaped cavity. Due to its unique nanowire-in-Bowl-shaped structure and piezoelectrically modifiable...

Matrine is one of the major alkaloids extracted from Sophora flavescens Ait of the traditional Chinese medicine, was the main chemical ingredient of compounds of Kushen injection. The Matrine is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for curing nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), used either alone or combined with chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we focused on the possible roles of Matrine exerted on the self-renewal ability of stem-like cells of the NSCLC group,...

The choice of the exit to egress from a facility plays a fundamental role in pedestrian modelling and simulation. Yet, empirical evidence for backing up simulation is scarce. In this contribution, we present three new groups of experiments that we conducted in different geometries. We varied parameters such as the width of the doors, the initial location and number of pedestrians which in turn affected their perception of the environment. We extracted and analysed relevant...

In December 2019, Wuhan, China suffered a serious outbreak of a novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV 2). To quickly identify the pathogen, we designed and screened primer sets, and established a sensitive and specific qRT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV 2; the lower limit of detection (LOD) was 15 (95% CI: 9.8–21) copies per reaction. We combined this qRT-PCR assay with an automatic integration system for nucleic acid...

This investigation addresses the evolution of the microscopic and mesoscopic structures distribution, and micro-defects of carbon black (CB) filled natural rubber (NR) under uniaxial tensile condition during the fatigue process. NR was filled with three different grades CB respectively, in order to understand the impact of the structural degree and specific surface areas of CB and fatigue degree on the Payne effect. It was found that Payne effect was initially suppressed and then enhanced with...

Background: As a noninvasive respiratory support mode, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is widely used in preterm infants at neonatal care units. HFNC is often used as an alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for initial or post-extubation respiratory support. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of HFNC and NCPAP for respiratory support in preterm infants. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library,...

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important economic crop, so it is of great significance to analyze its molecular mechanisms of resistance to Verticillium Wilt. The WRKY gene family encodes transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we identified 17 group III WRKY genes in cotton based on the cotton genome project. The phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary of WRKY Group III TFs in Arabidopsis thaliana and G. hirsutum showed that...

Blueberries are rich in anthocyanins, which are plant-specific secondary metabolites that are a good source of plant nutrients. Although anthocyanins have been investigated, there is a lack of comprehensive detailed research that includes large numbers of blueberry cultivars, and the anthocyanin compositions of some cultivars are still unknown. Consequently, we determined the anthocyanin compositions of 62 cultivars using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS). In total, we identified 30 anthocyanins derived from five kinds of anthocyanidin....

Additional file 1. Original images for western blot.

CAMKK2 inhibitors have therapeutic effects on cancer, metabolic disorders, diabetes and osteoporosis. However, high-quality CAMKK2 inhibitors are still lacking. Natural product databases were screened for potential inhibitors using bioinformatics strategies such as pharmacophore models, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation. Two hit compounds, STOCK1N-53910 and STOCK1N-66485, were got via Lipinski rule, Veber rule, PAINS rule, pharmacophore models and molecular docking. The results of molecular docking showed hit compounds had similar binding patterns to the active control....