The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are made of subunits evolved from a common ancestor. Despite the similarity in their sequences and structures, the properties of these subunits vary significantly. Thus, identifying the evolution features and function-related sites specific to each subunit is essential for understanding the characteristics of the subunits and the receptors assembled by them. In this study, we examined the sequence features of the nine neuronal nAChRs subunits from representative vertebrate species. Analysis...

Additional file 10: Fig. S6. Expression correlation between BCL11B & C14ORF64 (LINC01550). Expression correlation between BCL11B & C14ORF64 (LINC01550) in 426 human datasets with 42563 samples from R2: Genomics analysis and visualization platform (https://hgserver1.amc.nl/cgi-bin/r2/main.cgi).

Additional file 4: Fig. S3A. Gene Ontology analysis of genes hyper- (A) and hypomethylated (B) of T-LGL patients. Significant Biological processes (GO database) enriched in genes associated with significantly differentially methylated CpG loci in T-LGL. Enrichment represented as odds ratio. Point size represents the gene count of each pathway. Enrichment p value obtained by overrepresentation analysis [30], represented by point color. A Gene Ontology analysis of hypermethylated genes in T-LGL.

Additional file 6: Fig. S4. Differential gene expression of IL6 between T-LGL and healthy donor-derived CD8+ memory T cells. Differential gene expression for IL6 was measured by qPCR. Bulk CD8+ cells from two healthy donors were used for comparison. In line with previous publications, the T-LGLL cohort analyzed exhibits a higher IL6 expression compared to healthy donor-derived C8+ cells. HD Healthy donor.

Additional file 7: Fig. S5A. (A and B): Location of differentially methylated CpG loci in the genes BCL11B and C14orf64 (LINC01550). A Significant differentially methylated CpGs in BCL11B (T-LGLL compared to CD8+. memory T cells) were located in the gene body and assigned as enhancers by ENCODE, which match as enhancers in CD8-positive memory cells.

Additional file 8: Fig. S5B. (A and B): Location of differentially methylated CpG loci in the genes BCL11B and C14orf64 (LINC01550). B Significant differentially methylated CpGs in C14orf64 (LINC01550) (T-LGL compared to CD8 pos. memory T cells).

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. A) Schematic illustration of spatial offsets from implant planning. Analysis shows deviations in drilling depth, oro-vestibular as well as mesio-distal direction and angulation. B) Section of the Treatment Evaluation Tool in coDiagnostix®. Planning is shown in blue. Red shows the actual implant position. C) Mandible model used for the in vitro testing with pilot drilling guide in situ. D) DENACAM system used for the in vitro testing. E) Major findings...

Additional file 1. Comparative subgroup analysis. Of 66 patients, we identified 28 children with crescentic glomeruli and/or nephrotic syndrome at onset of IgAVN. Referring to the German Society of Pediatric Nephology, a corticosteroid pulse therapy only would have been recommended. Of these 28 children, 17 received corticosteroid pulse therapy per protocol, 11 did not receive any immunosuppressive therapy. We therefore performed a comparative subgroup analysis which showed similar improvements of clinical symptoms and proteinuria.

Abstract Background IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in childhood and frequently involves the kidney. A minority of patients with IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN), especially those presenting with heavy proteinuria and/or kidney failure at onset, are at risk of chronic end-stage kidney disease. For deciding upon treatment intensity, knowledge of the short-term clinical course of IgAVN is needed to improve treatment algorithms. Methods For this retrospective multicenter study, the medical...

Supplementary Material 1. Representative flow cytometry dot plots are displayed for different DC and T cell populations within each organ analyzed. First, total lymphocytes were gated. Then, DC and T cell frequencies were determined according to their specific marker combinations

Abstract Background Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in the northern hemisphere. The diagnosis of LB is usually made by clinical symptoms and subsequently supported by serology. In Europe, a two-step testing consisting of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoblot is recommended. However, due to the low sensitivity of the currently available tests, antibody detection is sometimes inaccurate, especially in the early phase of infection, leading to underdiagnoses. Methods...

Abstract Background Shotgun metagenome analysis provides a robust and verifiable method for comprehensive microbiome analysis of fungal, viral, archaeal and bacterial taxonomy, particularly with regard to visualization of read mapping location, normalization options, growth dynamics and functional gene repertoires. Current read classification tools use non-standard output formats, or do not fully show information on mapping location. As reference datasets are not perfect, portrayal of mapping information is critical for judging results effectively. Results Our alignment-based...

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. A schematic showing the experimental design, milk feeding, and fecal sample collection of the two trials.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Heatmap of the ASVs associated with diarrheic status in stage 4 of trial 1. The ASVs were identified based on fold change and analysis using LEfSe or DESeq2.

Additional file 5: Fig. S4. Heatmap of the ASVs that identified to be diarrheic status transition-associated in trial 2. The ASVs were identified based on fold change and analysis using LEfSe or DESeq2.

Supplementary Material 3

Abstract Background Adipose tissue-derived adipokines are involved in various crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs. Omentin1, a novel adipokine, exerts vital roles in the maintenance of body metabolism, insulin resistance and the like. However, the protective effect of omentin1 in myocardial ischemia (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) and its specific mechanism remains unclear and to be elucidated. Methods The model of MI-induced HF mice and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured cardiomyocytes were performed. Mice with overexpression...

Additional file1: Figure S1. Representative immunohistochemical images of the expression of omentin1 in adipose tissues of mice injected with AAV-NC or AAV-omentin1, and the statistical results of staining intensity of omentin1 were presented, scale bar = 250 μm (n = 3). The experiments were performed in triplicate. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. ##P < 0.01, ####P < 0.0001 vs. the sham group; ****P < 0.0001 vs. the model group, one-way ANOVA. Figure S2....

Hypertension is the most important cause of death and disability in the elderly. In 9 out of 10 cases, the molecular cause, however, is unknown. One mechanistic hypothesis involves impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Indeed, ROS forming NADPH oxidase (Nox) genes associate with hypertension, yet target validation has been negative. We re-investigate this association by molecular network analysis and identify NOX5, not present in rodents, as a sole neighbor to human...

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can infect a variety of cell types by using virions of varying glycoprotein compositions. It is still unclear how this diversity is generated, but spatio-temporally separated envelopment and egress pathways might play a role. So far, one egress pathway has been described in which HCMV particles are individually enveloped into small vesicles and are subsequently exocytosed continuously. However, some studies have also found enveloped virus particles inside multivesicular structures but could not...

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. A) Schematic illustration of spatial offsets from implant planning. Analysis shows deviations in drilling depth, oro-vestibular as well as mesio-distal direction and angulation. B) Section of the Treatment Evaluation Tool in coDiagnostix®. Planning is shown in blue. Red shows the actual implant position. C) Mandible model used for the in vitro testing with pilot drilling guide in situ. D) DENACAM system used for the in vitro testing. E) Major findings...

Abstract Background Levels of maternal and neonatal mortality remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated 66% of global maternal deaths occurring in this region. Many deaths are linked to poor quality of care, which in turn has been linked to gaps in pre-service training programmes for midwifery care providers. In-service training packages have been developed and implemented across sub-Saharan Africa in an attempt to overcome the shortfalls in pre-service training. This scoping review has...

Supplementary Material 2

Histological changes in somalian patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

Abstract Background Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young calves, resulting in considerable economic loss for dairy farms. To determine if some gut microbes might have resistance to dysbiotic process with calf diarrhea by dictating the microbial co-occurrence patterns from birth to post-weaning, we examined the dynamic development of the gut microbiota and diarrhea status using two animal trials, with the first trial having 14 Holstein dairy calves whose fecal samples...