The major membrane phospholipid classes, described thus far, include phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Here, we demonstrate the natural occurrence and genetic origin of an exclusive and rather abundant lipid, phosphatidylthreonine (PtdThr), in a common eukaryotic model parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. The parasite expresses a novel enzyme PtdThr synthase (TgPTS) to produce this lipid in its endoplasmic reticulum. Genetic disruption of TgPTS abrogates de novo synthesis of PtdThr and impairs the lytic...

Abstract Background Studies show that parents significantly impact their children’s health through their cardiometabolic risk profile and health behavior. There is only little information about the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and lifestyle factors among new parents yet. The aims of this study are therefore to evaluate the prevalences of cardiometabolic risk factors in parents of infants in Germany and to examine their lifestyle and health behavior. Methods In the KUNO-Kids health study, an ongoing...

Additional file 1. Complementary transcriptional levels of PACAP receptors and neuronal markers. Overall brain gene expression levels for (A) PACAP receptors, (B) glutamate decarboxylases GAD65 and GAD67, and (C) GABA receptors. Additional naïve dataset was introduced as comparison to previously unknown transcriptional levels in the brain of the analyzed genes, but the values were normalized by the control group (infected) as shown in the previous figures for appropriate comparison. Bar charts represent mean values +...

Abstract Background Cerebral infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is responsible for inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) contributing to subtle neuronal alterations. Albeit essential for brain parasite control, continuous microglia activation and recruitment of peripheral immune cells entail distinct neuronal impairment upon infection-induced neuroinflammation. PACAP is an endogenous neuropeptide known to inhibit inflammation and promote neuronal survival. Since PACAP is actively transported into the CNS, we aimed to assess the impact...

Additional file 12: Figure S12.1. The Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) map of the central carbon metabolism (map01200) of Methanothrix in the biological methanation reactor based on metagenomic data.

Abstract Background Parents of children who have a congenital anomaly can experience significant worry about their child’s health. Access to clear, helpful, and trustworthy information can provide a valuable source of support. In this study the aim was to explore the information needs of parents/carers of children with congenital anomalies across Europe. Method A cross-sectional online survey was developed in nine languages to measure parents’ information needs, including: (1) the ‘helpfulness’/’trustworthiness’ of information received from...

Additional file 3: Figure S3.1. Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) using 25 µg protein extract of the sample of the corresponding H2-feeding scheme. (A) Protein profile of four samples of BM-24/0. (B) Protein profile of five samples of BM-12/12. (C) Protein profiles of three samples of BM-18/6 and BM-6/18. (D) Protein profiles of five samples of BM-12/12–20%.

Supplementary Material 1. Representative flow cytometry dot plots are displayed for different DC and T cell populations within each organ analyzed. First, total lymphocytes were gated. Then, DC and T cell frequencies were determined according to their specific marker combinations

In 2018, Borna Disease Virus 1 (BoDV-1) was confirmed as a human zoonotic pathogen causing rare but fatal encephalitis in Germany. While diagnostic procedures and the clinical picture have been described, epidemiology remains mysterious. Though endemic areas and a natural reservoir host have been identified with the shrew Crocidura leucodon shedding virus in secretions, transmission events, routes and risk factors are unclear. We performed the first comprehensive epidemiological study, combining a large case series with...

Additional file 6. PCA data generation for Fig. 4

Additional file 8: Data generation for illustration of the Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway of Methanothrix in Fig. 5 of the main manuscript.

The next four years are critical – time is running out, but we still have one last chance. If the new German government is too slow to make the key decisions, it will be almost impossible to meet Germany’s climate targets for 2030 and 2045. But if it recognises that the new parliament offers an opportunity for a fundamental, groundbreaking change of course, it can bring urgently needed momentum to climate and energy policy and...

Supplemental Material for The Role of Anticoagulants and Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors in the Treatment of Pseudoaneurysms and Risk of Venous Thrombosis by Jonas Juenger, Adrian Mahlmann, Andrei Udelnow, Rupert Bauersachs, Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus, and Joerg Herold in Angiology

Pseudoaneurysms (PSA) are one of the most common complications after arterial punctures. This retrospective study examined whether platelet aggregation inhibitors (APT) or anticoagulants (AC) lower the success rates of PSA treatment. A total of 468 patients with PSA were retrospectively analyzed between 2010 and 2018, and 238 were included in the study. Despite co-medication with APT or AC, thrombin injection (TI) was superior to compression bandage (CB) therapy in treating PSA (TIwAC 79 vs CBwAC...

Major Depression (MDD) and anxiety disorders are stress-related disorders that share pathophysiological mechanisms. There is evidence for alterations of glutamate-glutamine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a stress-sensitive region affected by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). The aim was to investigate metabolic alterations in the ACC and whether hair cortisol, current stress or early life adversity predict them. We investigated 22 patients with MDD and comorbid anxiety disorder and 23 healthy controls. Proton...

Major Depression (MDD) and anxiety disorders are stress-related disorders that share pathophysiological mechanisms. There is evidence for alterations of glutamate-glutamine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a stress-sensitive region affected by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). The aim was to investigate metabolic alterations in the ACC and whether hair cortisol, current stress or early life adversity predict them. We investigated 22 patients with MDD and comorbid anxiety disorder and 23 healthy controls. Proton...

Additional file 1. Basic characteristics of participants dropped out before 1-year-questionnaire.

Additional file 6. PCA data generation for Fig. 4

Additional file 14: Table S14.1. Parameters setting of the Mascot Deamon software, Table S14.2. Parameter settings of the MetaproteomeAnalyzer (MPA) software.

Abstract Objective Pregnancy is characterized by well-defined immunological adaptions within the maternal immune cell compartment allowing the survival of a genetically disparate individual in the maternal womb. Phenotype and function of immune cells are largely determined by intracellular processing of external stimuli. Ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes are known to critically regulate immune signaling either by modulating the stability or the interaction of the signaling molecules. Accordingly, if absent, critical physiological processes may be perturbed such...

Additional file 4. Generation of PCA data presented in Fig. 3B of the main manuscript.

Additional file 2: Table S2.1. Metagenome assembly and binning results. Table S2.2. Taxonomic affiliation of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) based on GDTB results. Table S2.3. Number of metagenome sequences mapped onto the MAG genome, relative abundance, metagenome completeness and contamination of the 12 identified MAGs.

Additional file 12: Figure S12.1. The Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) map of the central carbon metabolism (map01200) of Methanothrix in the biological methanation reactor based on metagenomic data.

Background: The clinically used methods of pain diagnosis do not allow for objective and robust measurement, and physicians must rely on the patient’s report on the pain sensation. Verbal scales, visual analog scales (VAS) or numeric rating scales (NRS) count among the most common tools, which are restricted to patients with normal mental abilities. There also exist instruments for pain assessment in people with verbal and / or cognitive impairments and instruments for pain assessment...