1.In a unique phenomenon restricted to the ever wet forests of Southeast Asia, hundreds of species from dozens of plant families reproduce synchronously at irregular, multi-year intervals. The proximate environmental cues that synchronize these general flowering events have not been evaluated systematically because there have been no long-term, high temporal-resolution, species-level records from the region. 2.We present 13 years of weekly flowering records for five Shorea species as well as daily temperature and rainfall records...

One of several hypotheses proposed to explain polyandry in eusocial insects is the parasite–pathogen hypothesis (PPH), in which a colony of workers with multiple patrilines due to queen polyandry is less likely to fall victim to a parasite or pathogen threat because of genetic variability of the colony’s workforce. We challenged colonies with different strains of an entomopathogenic fungus to determine pathogen virulence and worker survival. We found that workers from different patrilines differed in...

In an archipelagic system, species diversity is maintained and determined by the balance among speciation, extinction, and migration. As the number of species increases, the average population size of each species decreases, and the extinction likelihood of any given species grows. In contrast, the role of reduced population size in geographic speciation has received comparatively less research attention. Here, to study the rate of recurrent speciation, we adopted a simple multi-species two-island model and considered...

BackgroundBrain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors causing neurological complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality.PurposeTo evaluate the effect of computer-aided detection (CAD) on the performance of observers in detecting BMs on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT).Material and MethodsThree less experienced and three experienced radiologists interpreted 30 NECT scans with 89 BMs in 25 cases to detect BMs with and without the assistance of CAD. The observers’ sensitivity, number of false positives (FPs), positive...

The aortic wall is perfused by the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV). Tissue hypoxia has previously been observed as a manifestation of enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). We sought to determine whether hypoperfusion of the adventitial VV could develop AAAs. We created a novel animal model of adventitial VV hypoperfusion with a combination of a polyurethane catheter insertion and a suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta in rats. VV hypoperfusion caused tissue hypoxia and developed...

Supplementary Material 1. Table S1. List of primer and siRNA sequences. Table S2. List of primary and secondary antibodies. Figs. S1-S7.

Supplementary Material 1. Table S1. List of primer and siRNA sequences. Table S2. List of primary and secondary antibodies. Figs. S1-S7.

Supplemental material, sj-tiff-1-acr-10.1177_02841851221139124 for Computer-aided detection improves brain metastasis identification on non-enhanced CT in less experienced radiologists by Shimpei Kato, Shiori Amemiya, Hidemasa Takao, Hiroshi Yamashita, Naoya Sakamoto, Soichiro Miki, Yusuke Watanabe, Fumio Suzuki, Kotaro Fujimoto, Masumi Mizuki and Osamu Abe in Acta Radiologica

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aop-10.1177_10600280231156270 for Proton Pump Inhibitors and Rhabdomyolysis: Analysis of Two Different Cross-Sectional Databases by Satoru Mitsuboshi, Hirofumi Hamano, Yurika Kuniki, Takahiro Niimura, Masayuki Chuma, Soichiro Ushio, Tsung-Jen Lin, Jun Matsumoto, Tatsuaki Takeda, Makoto Kajizono, Yoshito Zamami and Keisuke Ishizawa in Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Background:It is unclear whether use of a proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis.Objective:To clarify whether use of PPIs increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed data entered into the Medical Data Vision (MDV) database in Japan and into the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The MDV data were analyzed to evaluate the association between use of PPIs and rhabdomyolysis. Then, the FAERS data were analyzed to...

1. Optimal defence allocation theory (ODT) is one of the most prominent theoretical frameworks to explain the allocation of defence compounds within plants. It predicts that the most valuable and vulnerable plant organs have the highest levels of chemical defence. The ODT has been well worked out and experimentally tested for shoot defences, but not for root defences. To assess if ODT principles apply similarly to roots and shoots, we examined glucosinolates in aboveground and...

Pandanus boninensis, endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, is distributed on both the older Bonin and younger Volcano Islands. In this study, we conducted population genetic analyses of P. boninensis on these islands to examine the population diversity and structure across old and young islands, to assess potential differences in population demography with island age, and to collect any evidence of migration between old and young islands. We found that the genetic diversity of expressed...

Climatic changes have played major roles in plants’ evolutionary history. Glacial oscillations have been particularly important, but some of their effects on plants’ populations are poorly understood, including the numbers and locations of refugia in Asian warm temperate zones. In the present study, we investigated the demographic history of the broadleaved evergreen tree species Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae) during the last glacial period in Japan. We used approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) for model comparison and parameter...

The life cycles of bark beetles are intimately linked to their host species. Therefore, bark beetle species are expected to show traits that vary among different host species and across geographic ranges. The taxonomic proximity of host tree species can also influence host selection. Abies species native to Japan are genetically classified into three phylogenetic groups. Their natural distributions are separated by a distinct biogeographic boundary in Japan (i.e. the Tsugaru Strait, also referred to...

Abstract Background The DNA damage response (DDR) is a mechanism that protects cells against radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. TP63 is a member of the tumour suppressor TP53 gene family, and ΔNp63α, a TP63 splicing variant, is constitutively expressed in the stem cell-containing basal layer of stratified epithelial tissues, including the mammary gland, where it plays a critical role in stemness and tissue development. ΔNp63α has been reported to...

Supplemental material, sj-tiff-1-acr-10.1177_02841851221139124 for Computer-aided detection improves brain metastasis identification on non-enhanced CT in less experienced radiologists by Shimpei Kato, Shiori Amemiya, Hidemasa Takao, Hiroshi Yamashita, Naoya Sakamoto, Soichiro Miki, Yusuke Watanabe, Fumio Suzuki, Kotaro Fujimoto, Masumi Mizuki and Osamu Abe in Acta Radiologica

1. Competition among neighboring plants plays essential roles in growth, reproduction, population dynamics, and community assembly, but how competition drives local adaptation and the traits underlying the adaptation remain unclear. Here, we focused on populations of the aggressive weed Digitaria ciliaris from urban and rural habitats as low- and high-competition environments for light resources and examined how competitive interaction drove contemporary adaptive divergence of competitive traits. 2. To examine local adaptation to different competitive environments...

In theory, a male should change the allocation of fighting and mating efforts in relation to his age. Thus, the consequences of sexual selection may be complicated by changes in the male resource allocation due to aging. However, previous studies have focused on changes in female mate choice and male-male competition with aging separately, and the impact of aging on the relationship between mate choice and male competition is unknown. Here, we examined how male...

Mechanical incompatibility of male and female genitalia is common in animals with internal fertilization. However, our knowledge regarding the precise mechanisms is limited. One key question regards the susceptibility of the match between male and female genitalia to morphological modification. To address this issue, we generated six different second-chromosome introgression lines possessing partially Drosophila mauritiana-like genital morphology in multiple structures in D. simulans background. Three of the six introgression males showed elevated mobility at some...

The mirid bugs Stenotus rubrovittatus and Trigonotylus caelestialium, which cause pecky rice, have become a threat to rice cultivation in Asia. Damage caused by these pests has rapidly become frequent since around 2000 in Japan. Their expansion pattern is not simple, and predicting their future spread remains challenging. Some insects with wide ranges have locally adapted variations in life-history traits. We performed laboratory rearing experiments to assess the geographical scale of intraspecific variations in life-history...

This is the data on the number of terrestrial leeches (brown Haemadipsa sp.) collected and environmental variables at the sampling site in Endau Rompin National Park in Malaysia. We investigated relative abundance of terrestrial leeches repeatedly at 99 sampling points in the tourism area of ERNP from February 2019 to September 2020. We counted the number of leeches at each sampling point based on the human-bait method, wherein the researcher is considered as the bait...

Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a non-aggressive monogynous bark beetle. It has caused mass mortality in fir (Abies spp.) forests in the past decade. Although gallery structures made by polygynous beetles may influence their reproductive success, the gallery structure and the number of eggs laid by the monogynous tree-killing bark beetle P. proximus have not been investigated in detail in the natural setting of their native range. We, therefore, investigated the length of...

Background:It is unclear whether use of a proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis.Objective:To clarify whether use of PPIs increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed data entered into the Medical Data Vision (MDV) database in Japan and into the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The MDV data were analyzed to evaluate the association between use of PPIs and rhabdomyolysis. Then, the FAERS data were analyzed to...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aop-10.1177_10600280231156270 for Proton Pump Inhibitors and Rhabdomyolysis: Analysis of Two Different Cross-Sectional Databases by Satoru Mitsuboshi, Hirofumi Hamano, Yurika Kuniki, Takahiro Niimura, Masayuki Chuma, Soichiro Ushio, Tsung-Jen Lin, Jun Matsumoto, Tatsuaki Takeda, Makoto Kajizono, Yoshito Zamami and Keisuke Ishizawa in Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Pigmentation traits in adult Drosophila melanogaster were used in this study to investigate how phenotypic variations of continuous ecological traits can be maintained in a natural population. First, pigmentation variation in the adult female was measured at seven different body positions in 20 strains from the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) originating from a natural population in North Carolina. Next, to assess the contributions of cis-regulatory polymorphisms of the genes involved in the melanin...