Clouds containing supercooled water are important for both climate and weather, but our knowledge of which aerosol particle types nucleate ice in these clouds is far from complete. Combustion aerosols have strong anthropogenic sources and if these aerosol types were to nucleate ice in clouds they might exert a climate forcing. Here, we quantified the atmospheric ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations during the UK’s annual Bonfire Night celebrations, which are characterised by strong anthropogenic emissions of...

Background:The burden of stroke (a leading cause of disability and mortality) in Africa appears to be increasing, but a systematic review of the best available data to support or refute this observation is lacking.Aim:To determine the incidence and 1-month case-fatality rates from high-quality studies of stroke epidemiology among Africans.Summary of review:We searched and retrieved eligible articles on stroke epidemiology among indigenous Africans in bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library) using predefined search...

Abstract Aim To inform the oversight of future clinical trials during a pandemic, we summarise the experiences of the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) for the Randomised Evaluation of COVID therapy trial (RECOVERY), a large-scale randomised adaptive platform clinical trial of treatments for hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Methods and findings During the first 24 months of the trial (March 2020 to February 2022), the DMC oversaw accumulating data for 14 treatments in adults (plus 10 in...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X221132741 for Analytical Frameworks and Outcome Measures in Economic Evaluations of Digital Health Interventions: A Methodological Systematic Review by Valerio Benedetto, Luís Filipe, Catherine Harris, Joseph Spencer, Carmel Hickson and Andrew Clegg in Medical Decision Making

BackgroundDigital health interventions (DHIs) can improve the provision of health care services. To fully account for their effects in economic evaluations, traditional methods based on measuring health-related quality of life may not be appropriate, as nonhealth and process outcomes are likely to be relevant too.PurposeThis systematic review identifies, assesses, and synthesizes the arguments on the analytical frameworks and outcome measures used in the economic evaluations of DHIs. The results informed recommendations for future economic evaluations.Data...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221147164 for Stroke in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and case-fatality rates by Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Stephanie Jones, Olaleye Adeniji, Caroline Watkins, Maree Hackett, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Mayowa Owolabi and Rufus Akinyemi in International Journal of Stroke

Palatable Batesian mimics are avoided by predators because they resemble noxious or defended species. The striking resemblance of many hoverflies to noxious Hymenoptera is a “textbook” example of Batesian mimicry, but evidence that selection by predators has shaped the evolution of hoverfly patterns is weak. We looked for geographical and temporal trends in frequencies of morphs of the polymorphic hoverfly Volucella bombylans that would support the hypothesis that these morphs are Batesian mimics of different...

INTRODUCTION: As mortality rates from COVID-19 disease fall, the high prevalence of long-term sequelae (Long COVID) is becoming increasingly widespread, challenging healthcare systems globally. Traditional pathways of care for Long Term Conditions (LTCs) have tended to be managed by disease-specific specialties, an approach that has been ineffective in delivering care for patients with multi-morbidity. The multi-system nature of Long COVID and its impact on physical and psychological health demands a more effective model of holistic,...

This report conducted a ‘Scoping and Feasibility Study for a new Foundational Economy Academy’ in Wales, during the first quarter of 2022. We explored how to effectively enhance the Foundational Economy (FE) capability of public service practitioners and learn lessons from the celebrated Preston Model. The report conducted primary research and reviewed academic and practitioner literature. All sectors of the economy operate in a Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous (VUCA) world and exogenous shocks are likely...

BackgroundDigital health interventions (DHIs) can improve the provision of health care services. To fully account for their effects in economic evaluations, traditional methods based on measuring health-related quality of life may not be appropriate, as nonhealth and process outcomes are likely to be relevant too.PurposeThis systematic review identifies, assesses, and synthesizes the arguments on the analytical frameworks and outcome measures used in the economic evaluations of DHIs. The results informed recommendations for future economic evaluations.Data...

Additional file 1. Online Appendix.

We currently face significant, anthropogenic, global environmental challenges and therole of ecologists in mitigating these challenges is arguably more important than ever. Consequently there is an urgent need to recruit and train future generations of ecologists, both those whose main area is ecology, but also those involved in the geological, biological and environmental sciences. Here we present the results of a horizon scanning exercise that identified current and future challenges facing the teaching of ecology,...

Background and Aims: Frailty is highly prevalent in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, exercise training may improve physical function leading to associated improvements in outcomes. The EX-FRAIL CKD trial (ISRCTN87708989) aimed to inform the design of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that investigates the efficacy of a progressive home-based exercise programme in pre-frail and frail older adults with CKD. Methods: Patients aged ≥65 years with CKD...

Abstract Aim To inform the oversight of future clinical trials during a pandemic, we summarise the experiences of the Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) for the Randomised Evaluation of COVID therapy trial (RECOVERY), a large-scale randomised adaptive platform clinical trial of treatments for hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Methods and findings During the first 24 months of the trial (March 2020 to February 2022), the DMC oversaw accumulating data for 14 treatments in adults (plus 10 in...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X221132741 for Analytical Frameworks and Outcome Measures in Economic Evaluations of Digital Health Interventions: A Methodological Systematic Review by Valerio Benedetto, Luís Filipe, Catherine Harris, Joseph Spencer, Carmel Hickson and Andrew Clegg in Medical Decision Making

This article examines the portrayal of musicians in Dyrygent (The Orchestra Conductor, 1979), directed by Andrzej Wajda, and Dotknięcie ręki (The Silent Touch, 1992), directed by Krzysztof Zanussi. It argues that these films are built on contrasts: between a Romantic musician, who creates music to express himself and convey some deeper truth, and a careerist, who makes music to improve his financial and social position, and between a Western musician, who fronts the greatest musical...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221147164 for Stroke in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and case-fatality rates by Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Stephanie Jones, Olaleye Adeniji, Caroline Watkins, Maree Hackett, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Mayowa Owolabi and Rufus Akinyemi in International Journal of Stroke

Over the last three decades, information and communication technologies have advanced rapidly and continue to do so. Nowadays, the popularity and spread of socalled Smart Media Technologies (SMT) is not only transforming the lives of tourists around the world in general, but is impacting on the experience of pilgrims on the Hajj in Saudi Arabia in particular. Indeed, the Saudi government has undertaken a number of initiatives to encourage the use of SMT in the...

The Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings is a resource for all research stakeholders who want to ensure that research is carried out ethically in lower income settings and without ‘ethics dumping’, the export of unethical practices from high income to lower income countries.

Background:The burden of stroke (a leading cause of disability and mortality) in Africa appears to be increasing, but a systematic review of the best available data to support or refute this observation is lacking.Aim:To determine the incidence and 1-month case-fatality rates from high-quality studies of stroke epidemiology among Africans.Summary of review:We searched and retrieved eligible articles on stroke epidemiology among indigenous Africans in bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library) using predefined search...

INTRODUCTION: As mortality rates from COVID-19 disease fall, the high prevalence of long-term sequelae (Long COVID) is becoming increasingly widespread, challenging healthcare systems globally. Traditional pathways of care for Long Term Conditions (LTCs) have tended to be managed by disease-specific specialties, an approach that has been ineffective in delivering care for patients with multi-morbidity. The multi-system nature of Long COVID and its impact on physical and psychological health demands a more effective model of holistic,...

Additional file 1. Online Appendix.

This report conducted a ‘Scoping and Feasibility Study for a new Foundational Economy Academy’ in Wales, during the first quarter of 2022. We explored how to effectively enhance the Foundational Economy (FE) capability of public service practitioners and learn lessons from the celebrated Preston Model. The report conducted primary research and reviewed academic and practitioner literature. All sectors of the economy operate in a Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous (VUCA) world and exogenous shocks are likely...