Introduction Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be used in severely injured patients with uncontrollable bleeding. However, zone dependent effects of REBOA are rarely described. We compared the short-term zone- and organ-specific microcirculatory changes in abdominal organs and the extremity during occlusion of the aorta in a standardized porcine model. Methods Male pigs were placed under general anesthesia, for median laparotomy to expose intra-abdominal organs. REBOA placement occurred in Zone 1 (from...

In this interview, the psychologist and neuroscientist Olivia Carter (University of Melbourne, Australia) explains how she became interested in the field of consciousness. We discuss how her work on visual perception has led her to study the effect of psychedelics and how this has inspired a multidimensional model of consciousness. We discuss the potential contents of “higher” states of consciousness and argue that the existence of those is an unresolved question. We finish the exchange...

Background: To describe 10-year trends in visual outcomes, anatomical outcomes, and treatment burden of patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: Retrospective cohort study of treatment-naïve, first-affected eyes with nAMD started on ranibizumab before January 1, 2009. The primary outcome was time to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) falling ≤ 35 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters after initiating anti-VEGF therapy. Secondary outcomes included time to BCVA...