A well-accepted narrative in ecology is that prey modify traits to reduce predation risk, and the trait modification has costs large enough to cause ensuing demographic, trophic and ecosystem consequences, with implications for conservation, management, and agriculture. But ecology has a long history of emphasizing that quantifying the importance of an ecological process ultimately requires evidence linking a process to unmanipulated field patterns. We suspected that such process-linked-to pattern (PLP) studies were poorly represented in...

This meta-analysis examined the efficacy of SRL interventions on academic achievement in online or blended education across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is the insect vector of the causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating bacterial disease of commercial citrus. Few genomic resources exist for D. citri. In this study, we utilized PacBio HiFi and chromatin confirmation contact (Hi-C) sequencing to sequence, assemble, and compare three high quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies of D. citri collected from California, Taiwan, and Uruguay. Our assemblies had final sizes of 282.67 Mb (California), 282.89 Mb...

The “hierarchy of factors” hypothesis states that decomposition rates are controlled primarily by climatic, followed by biological and soil variables. Tropical montane forests (TMF) are globally important ecosystems, yet there have been limited efforts to provide a biome-scale characterization of litter decomposition. We designed a common litter decomposition experiment replicated in 23 tropical montane sites across the Americas, Asia, and Africa and combined these results with a previous study of 23 sites in tropical lowland...

Despite the implementation of enhanced management practices, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in U.S. white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter WTD) continues to expand geographically. Herein, we perform the largest genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) to date for CWD (n = 412 CWD-positive; n = 758 CWD-non-detect) using a custom Affymetrix Axiom® single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (n = 121,010 SNPs), and confirm that differential susceptibility to CWD is a highly heritable (h2 = 0.611 ± 0.056) polygenic...

Abstract Objective This study aimed to systematically evaluate and conduct a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of carbon ion radiotherapy for bone sarcomas. Methods We searched for articles using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science databases from their inception to January 12, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0. Results We searched...

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. The pooled incidences of local control at 2, 3 and 5 years after C-ion RT for osteosarcoma.

Part 3

Supplemental methods

Additional file 1: Table S1. DFS and OS for 29 neoadjuvant patients after surgery.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Different pathologists’ pretreatment prediction of pathologic response after neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment according to irHPC.

Additional file 4: Table S4. Derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) supports the negative predictive role of neutrophils.

Additional file 5: Table S5. The relationship between eosinophils and PD-L1 expression.

Additional file 6: Table S6. Comparison of UICC VIII stages between MPR and non-MPR cases.

Abstract Background Although neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapies have shown good efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, there is still a lack of effective predictive markers. We aimed to develop a pretreatment histologic scoring system to predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Methods One hundred forty NSCLC cases were evaluated in this study. Initially, surgical specimens from 31 squamous cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy and their eligible paired pretreatment biopsies were...

Additional file 7: Supplemental methods. irHPC: a pretreatment scoring system.

Mixture modeling is a major paradigm for clustering in statistics. In this article, we develop a new block-wise variable selection method for clustering by exploiting the latent states of the hidden Markov model on variable blocks or the Gaussian mixture model. The variable blocks are formed by depth-first-search on a dendrogram created based on the mutual information between any pair of variables. It is demonstrated that the latent states of the variable blocks together with...

Mixture modeling is a major paradigm for clustering in statistics. In this article, we develop a new block-wise variable selection method for clustering by exploiting the latent states of the hidden Markov model on variable blocks or the Gaussian mixture model. The variable blocks are formed by depth-first-search on a dendrogram created based on the mutual information between any pair of variables. It is demonstrated that the latent states of the variable blocks together with...

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Phenotype distribution of root morphology traits of 295 rice varieties under low and high-nitrogen treatments. A, HRL: root length under high-nitrogen treatment. B, LRL: root length under low-nitrogen treatment. C, HRD: root diameter under high-nitrogen treatment. D, LRD: root diameter under low-nitrogen treatment.

Additional file 10: Table S9. Sequences of primers used in this study.

Additional file 6: Table S5. Summary of RNA-seq data.

Additional file 6: Table S5. Summary of RNA-seq data.

Additional file 5: Table S4. Annotation and haplotype analysis of associated genes.

Additional file 2: Figure S2. A–B and E–F. H460 and H520 cells were treated with 4 μM celastrol, and the levels of intracellular ROS were determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. C–D and G–H. H460 and H520 cells were treated with different concentrations of celastrol (0, 1, 2, and 4 μM) for 2 h. NAC was used at a dose of 5 μM, either alone or as a1h pretreatment, and the levels of intracellular...

Abstract Background Dioecious plants have coevolved with diverse plant microbiomes, which are crucial for the fitness and productivity of their host. Sexual dimorphism in morphology, physiology, or gene expression may relate to different microbial compositions that affect male and female fitness in different environments. However, sex-specific impacts on ecological processes that control the microbiome assembly are not well known. In this study, Populus cathayana males and females were planted in different nitrogen conditions. It was...