The mentalizing network (MN) treats social interactions based on our understanding of other people’s intentions and includes the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus (PC) and amygdala. Not all elders are equally affected by the aging-related decrease of mentalizing abilities. Personality has recently emerged as a strong determinant of functional connectivity in MN areas. However, its impact on volumetric changes across the mentalizing network in brain aging is still...

Objective: To investigate staff attitudes toward assisted suicide in the hospital and factors influencing its practices in Switzerland. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Two University Hospitals in French speaking regions of Switzerland. Participants: 13’834 health care professionals including all personal caring for patients were invited to participate. Main outcome measures and other variables: Attitudes towards the participation of hospital health care professionals in assisted suicide were investigated with an online questionnaire. Results: Among all invited professionals,...

Abstract Background Hand hygiene is universally recognized as a cornerstone measure for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Although the WHO “My five Moments for hand hygiene” poster has been used for more than a decade to delineate hand hygiene indications and promote action, adherence levels among healthcare workers are still notoriously low and disquieting. To compensate for the lack of effective hand hygiene communication, we aimed to evaluate emojis as possible surrogates for the non-verbal...

Abstract Background Although high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) improves gas exchange, concerns remain about tissue overdistension caused by the oscillations and consequent lung damage. We compared a modified percussive ventilation modality created by superimposing high-frequency oscillations to the conventional ventilation waveform during expiration only (eHFPV) with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and standard HFPV. Methods Hypoxia and hypercapnia were induced by decreasing the frequency of CMV in New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10). Following steady-state CMV...

Objective:To examine whether putatively atypical neuronal activity during internal attention in ADHD yields insights into processes underlying emotion dysregulation.Methods:We used a word processing paradigm to assess neural activations in adults with ADHD (N = 46) compared to controls (N = 43). We measured effects of valence, applied partial-least squares correlation analysis to assess multivariate brainbehavior relationships and ran subgroup analyses to isolate results driven by pure ADHD (N = 18).Results:During internal attention, ADHD, compared to...

Additional file 1. Modified MARAIS Score (modified from Marais et al. [27]).

Objective: To optimize enhancement of pulmonary arteries and facilitate diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), modern computed tomography angiography (CTA) contains a contrast bolus tracking system. We explored the diagnostic accuracy of the time-intensity curves given by this automated system to identify right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in acute PE. Methods: 114 CTAs with a diagnosis of PE were reviewed. RVD was defined as right-to-left ventricular diameter ratio of 1 or greater. Four parameters on time-intensity curves...

Background: Among smokers, the presence of tobacco stains on fingers has recently been associated with a high prevalence of tobacco related conditions and alcohol abuse. Objective: We aimed to explore tobacco stains as a marker of death and hospital readmission. Method: Seventy-three smokers presenting tobacco-tar staining on their fingers and 70 control smokers were followed during a median of 5.5 years in a retrospective cohort study. We used the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank...

Objectives: To determine the proportion of patients who received a treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among those presenting a discordant Clostridioides difficile diagnostic assay and to identify patient characteristics associated with the decision to treat CDI. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Monocentric study in a tertiary care hospital, Geneva, Switzerland Participants: Among 4562 adult patients tested for C. difficile between March 2017 and March 2019, 208 patients with discordant tests’ results (positive nucleic acid amplification...

Abstract Background Although high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) improves gas exchange, concerns remain about tissue overdistension caused by the oscillations and consequent lung damage. We compared a modified percussive ventilation modality created by superimposing high-frequency oscillations to the conventional ventilation waveform during expiration only (eHFPV) with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and standard HFPV. Methods Hypoxia and hypercapnia were induced by decreasing the frequency of CMV in New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10). Following steady-state CMV...

Additional file 2. SPIRIT checklist

Supplemental Material for Effect of Seclusion on Mental Health Status in Hospitalized Psychiatric Populations: A Trial Emulation using Observational Data by Stéphanie Baggio, Stefan Kaiser and Alexandre Wullschleger in Evaluation & the Health Professions

The use of coercive practices, i.e., interventions against a person’s will, is controversial. Recent observational studies highlighted their potential detrimental effects on patients’ mental health, but this topic remains understudied. This study investigated the effect of a common coercive practice, seclusion (i.e., being locked in a closed room), on mental health using a trial emulation of observational data to allow causal inference. We used data from 1200 psychiatric inpatients, classified as being either secluded or...

Background: Viral infections are among the most common complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and can be associated with transient or sustained viremia. Besides viruses that are common causes of infection, metagenomics revealed the presence of several novel viruses and variants that are overlooked in clinical routine and represent potential sources of unrecognized systemic infections. Our aim was to describe the prevalence and the dynamics of 17 DNA and 3 RNA viral infections...

Unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing of blood from hospitalized febrile children in Gabon

Supplementary legends of "PCK1 is a key regulator of metabolic and mitochondrial functions in renal tubular cells" article

Background: High patient participation in clinical research reduces selection bias, and ensures the generalisability of study findings. We explored study-related factors that may influence patients’ willingness to participate in research. Methods: We submitted by mail two vignettes that described clinical research studies – a drug trial, and a diagnostic study – to patients recently discharged from hospital, and assessed Background: High patient participation in clinical research reduces selection bias, and ensures the generalisability of study...

Additional file 1. Full study protocol

Additional file 1. Additional methods (definitions, additional methods, statistical analyses and ethics), Additional tables (Tables S1–S8) and Additional figures (Figs. S1–S2).

Additional file 1. Additional methods (definitions, additional methods, statistical analyses and ethics), Additional tables (Tables S1–S8) and Additional figures (Figs. S1–S2).

Additional file 1: Table S1. Association between hand hygiene and activity index during baseline and intervention; Table S2. Overall (i.e. for all HCWs) hand hygiene compliance per hospital, during baseline and the intervention period; Figure S1. Boxplot (median, quartiles and ranges) of individual HH compliance both during baseline and intervention period; Figure S2. Boxplot (median, quartiles and ranges) of hand hygiene increase (in percentage points) in the group of improving HCWs; Figure S3. Variability within...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547221147546 for Neural Basis of Internal Attention in Adults with Pure and Comorbid ADHD by Halima Rafi, Ryan Murray, Farnaz Delavari, Nader Perroud, Patrik Vuilleumier, Martin Debbané and Camille Piguet in Journal of Attention Disorders

Objective:To examine whether putatively atypical neuronal activity during internal attention in ADHD yields insights into processes underlying emotion dysregulation.Methods:We used a word processing paradigm to assess neural activations in adults with ADHD (N = 46) compared to controls (N = 43). We measured effects of valence, applied partial-least squares correlation analysis to assess multivariate brainbehavior relationships and ran subgroup analyses to isolate results driven by pure ADHD (N = 18).Results:During internal attention, ADHD, compared to...

Abstract Background Hand hygiene is universally recognized as a cornerstone measure for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Although the WHO “My five Moments for hand hygiene” poster has been used for more than a decade to delineate hand hygiene indications and promote action, adherence levels among healthcare workers are still notoriously low and disquieting. To compensate for the lack of effective hand hygiene communication, we aimed to evaluate emojis as possible surrogates for the non-verbal...

Additional file 1: Supplementary Methods, Results, Tables and Figures.