In this study, we assessed the influence of above- and belowground diversity, as well as urbanization and plant invasions, on multifunctionality and organic carbon stocks of soils in non-manipulated grasslands along an urbanization gradient in Berlin, Germany. We focused on plant diversity (measured as species richness and functional trait diversity) and, in addition, on soil organism diversity as a potential mediator for the relationship of plant species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Our results showed positive...

Under incomplete reproductive isolation, secondary contact of diverged allopatric lineages may form hybrid zones that allow to study recombinants over several generations as excellent systems of genomic interactions, resulting from the evolutionary forces, acting on certain genes and phenotypes. Hybrid phenotypes are expected to either exhibit intermediacy or, alternatively, transgressive traits, which exceed the extremes of their parents due to epistasis and segregation of complementary alleles. While transgressive morphotypes have been examined in fish, reptiles,...

Data for the manuscript entitled: Habitability of Polygonal Soils in the Hyper-arid Atacama Desert after a Simulated Rain Experiment
Authors: Christof Sager, Alessandro Airo, Kai Mangelsdorf, Felix L. Arens, Cornelia Karger, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Animals, including humans, differ in a wide range of physical and cognitive abilities ranging from measures of running speed and physical strength to learning ability and intelligence. We consider the evolution of ability when individuals interact pairwise over their contribution to a common good. In this interaction, the contribution of each is assumed to be the best given their own ability and the contribution of their partner. Since there is a tendency for individuals to...

Animals, including humans, differ in a wide range of physical and cognitive abilities ranging from measures of running speed and physical strength to learning ability and intelligence. We consider the evolution of ability when individuals interact pairwise over their contribution to a common good. In this interaction, the contribution of each is assumed to be the best given their own ability and the contribution of their partner. Since there is a tendency for individuals to...

Behavioral individuality is a ubiquitous phenomenon in animal populations, yet the origins and developmental trajectories of individuality, especially very early in life, are still a black box. Using a high-resolution tracking system, we mapped the behavioral trajectories of genetically identical fish (Poecilia formosa), separated immediately after birth into identical environments, over the first 10 weeks of their life at 3s resolution. We find that (i) strong behavioral individuality is present at the very first day...

Behavioural individuality is a hallmark of animal life, with major consequences for fitness, ecology, and evolution. One of the most widely invoked explanations for the source of this variation is that feedback loops between an animal's behaviour and its state (e.g. physiology, informational state, social rank, etc.) trigger and shape the development of individuality. Despite their often-cited importance, however, little is known about the ultimate causes of such feedbacks. Expanding on a previously employed model...

Data for the manuscript entitled: Habitability of Polygonal Soils in the Hyper-arid Atacama Desert after a Simulated Rain Experiment
Authors: Christof Sager, Alessandro Airo, Kai Mangelsdorf, Felix L. Arens, Cornelia Karger, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Animals, including humans, differ in a wide range of physical and cognitive abilities ranging from measures of running speed and physical strength to learning ability and intelligence. We consider the evolution of ability when individuals interact pairwise over their contribution to a common good. In this interaction, the contribution of each is assumed to be the best given their own ability and the contribution of their partner. Since there is a tendency for individuals to...

Animals, including humans, differ in a wide range of physical and cognitive abilities ranging from measures of running speed and physical strength to learning ability and intelligence. We consider the evolution of ability when individuals interact pairwise over their contribution to a common good. In this interaction, the contribution of each is assumed to be the best given their own ability and the contribution of their partner. Since there is a tendency for individuals to...

The Danube river basin covers more than 800,000 square kilometres – 10% of continental Europe – and extends into the territories of 19 countries. Seven of these countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia) were partners in the ‘Improving water quality in the Danube river and its tributaries by integrative floodplain management based on Ecosystem Services’ (IDES) Project. The IDES Project aimed to improve water quality in the Danube River and its tributaries. The...

Abstract Background Riverine ecosystems are one of the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, but the occurrence and controlling factors of ARG distribution in different habitats of riverine ecosystems remain poorly understood. In this study, a metagenomic approach was used to characterize ARG types and their abundance in different habitats (rhizosphere soil, surface bulk soil, bottom bulk soil, and sediment) of riverine ecosystems in eastern China. Sampling sites were located...

Behavioural individuality is a hallmark of animal life, with major consequences for fitness, ecology, and evolution. One of the most widely invoked explanations for the source of this variation is that feedback loops between an animal's behaviour and its state (e.g. physiology, informational state, social rank, etc.) trigger and shape the development of individuality. Despite their often-cited importance, however, little is known about the ultimate causes of such feedbacks. Expanding on a previously employed model...

Behavioural individuality is a hallmark of animal life, with major consequences for fitness, ecology, and evolution. One of the most widely invoked explanations for the source of this variation is that feedback loops between an animal's behaviour and its state (e.g. physiology, informational state, social rank, etc.) trigger and shape the development of individuality. Despite their often-cited importance, however, little is known about the ultimate causes of such feedbacks. Expanding on a previously employed model...

Behavioural individuality is a hallmark of animal life, with major consequences for fitness, ecology, and evolution. One of the most widely invoked explanations for the source of this variation is that feedback loops between an animal's behaviour and its state (e.g. physiology, informational state, social rank, etc.) trigger and shape the development of individuality. Despite their often-cited importance, however, little is known about the ultimate causes of such feedbacks. Expanding on a previously employed model...

Abstract Background Riverine ecosystems are one of the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, but the occurrence and controlling factors of ARG distribution in different habitats of riverine ecosystems remain poorly understood. In this study, a metagenomic approach was used to characterize ARG types and their abundance in different habitats (rhizosphere soil, surface bulk soil, bottom bulk soil, and sediment) of riverine ecosystems in eastern China. Sampling sites were located...

Additional file 1: TableS1. The detailed information ofsampling sites. Table S2. The alpha diversity of ARGs in this study. TableS3. The Mantel test between ARGs and bacteria (species) in each habitats. TableS4. The feactures of the network diagram of ARGs and bacterial communitiesin different habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEsin each habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEs in eachhabitats. Table S6. Co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs on...

Das Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB) ist heute einer der renommiertesten Standorte für Wasserforschung in Deutschland. Das 1992 gegründete Institut ist aus drei außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen der DDR hervorgegangen: dem Institut für Binnenfischerei in Berlin-Friedrichshagen, sowie aus zwei Akademieinstituten, dem Bereich Hydrologie in Berlin des Institutes für Geographie und Geoökologie in Leipzig und der Abteilung für Experimentelle Limnologie Neuglobsow des Bereiches Ökologie im Zentralinstitut für Mikrobiologie und Experimentelle Therapie in Jena. Einrichtungen, die sich jeweils...

Aim: Viviparity has evolved more times in squamates than in any other vertebrate group. Therefore, squamates offer an excellent model system to study the patterns, drivers, and implications of reproductive mode evolution. Based on current species distributions we examined three selective forces hypothesized to drive squamate viviparity evolution: (1) cold climate, (2) variable climate, and (3) hypoxic conditions, and tested whether viviparity is associated with larger body size. Location: Global. Time period: present day. Taxon:...

Additional file 1: TableS1. The detailed information ofsampling sites. Table S2. The alpha diversity of ARGs in this study. TableS3. The Mantel test between ARGs and bacteria (species) in each habitats. TableS4. The feactures of the network diagram of ARGs and bacterial communitiesin different habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEsin each habitats. Table S5. The Mantel test between ARGs and MGEs in eachhabitats. Table S6. Co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs on...

Additional file 2: Fig. S1Number (a) and relative abundance (b) of ARGs detected inriverine ecosystems of eastern China. R represents rhizosphere soil; SBrepresents surface bulk soil (0-20 cm below bulk soil surface); BB represents bottombulk soil (40-60 cm below bulk soil surface); S represents sediment (0-20 cmbelow sediment surface); SR and NR represent rhizosphere soil in the south andnorth, respectively; SSB and NSB represent surface bulk soil (0-20 cm belowbulk soil surface) in the south...

Additional file 2: Fig. S1Number (a) and relative abundance (b) of ARGs detected inriverine ecosystems of eastern China. R represents rhizosphere soil; SBrepresents surface bulk soil (0-20 cm below bulk soil surface); BB represents bottombulk soil (40-60 cm below bulk soil surface); S represents sediment (0-20 cmbelow sediment surface); SR and NR represent rhizosphere soil in the south andnorth, respectively; SSB and NSB represent surface bulk soil (0-20 cm belowbulk soil surface) in the south...