While prezygotic isolation between sympatric populations of closely related animal and plant species is well documented, far less is known about such evolutionary phenomena in sexual microbial species, as most are difficult to culture and manipulate. Using the molecular and genetic tools available for the unicellular fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and applying them to S. paradoxus, we tested the behavior of individual cells from sympatric woodland populations of both species for evidence of prezygotic isolation. First,...

In contrast to daily rhythms that are common in the presence of the geophysical light–dark cycle, organisms at polar latitudes exhibit many diel activity patterns during natural periods of continuous solar light or darkness (polar day and night, respectively), from 24 h rhythms to arrhythmicity. In Arctic Greenland (73.7° N, 56.6° W) during polar day, we observed breeding-site attendance rhythms of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia; n = 21 pairs), a charadriiform seabird, which provide biparental...

Context: NOTCH signaling is activated in endometriotic lesions but the exact mechanisms remains unclear. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is increased in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, induces NOTCH1 through E-proteins including E2A and HEB in cancer development. Objective: To study the role of E-proteins in inducing NOTCH1 expression under the regulation of IL-6 in endometriosis. Setting and Design: The expression of E2A, HEB and NOTCH1 was first investigated in endometrium of women with endometriosis...

La Amazonía abarca un área de aproximada de 6.8 millones km² situada en la parte norte de América del Sur (Eva et al., 2005). Los bosques húmedos cubren casi el 80% de la Amazonía (5.5 millones de km²) y el restante 20%, está cubierto por bosques secos (1%), bosques inundados (3%), herbazales y matorrales (5%), vegetación escasa (1%), así como por agricultura y áreas urbanas (10%). La región Madre de Dios, ha revelado altos niveles...

Objective: To examine whether late-life exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <2.5-µm) contributes to progressive brain atrophy predictive of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using a community-dwelling cohort of women (aged 71-89) with up to two brain MRI scans (MRI-1: 2005-6; MRI-2: 2010-11). Methods: AD pattern similarity (AD-PS) scores, developed by supervised machine learning and validated with MRI data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative, was used to capture high-dimensional gray matter atrophy in brain areas...

1. Integrated visual displays that combine gesture with color are nearly ubiquitous in the animal world, where they evolve in response to sexual selection for their role in courtship and competition. However, few studies examine how multiple selection regimens shape each component of these complex phenotypes on a macroevolutionary scale. 2. Here we study this issue by assessing how both sexual and ecological selection work together to influence visual display complexity in the birds of...

1. Savanna ecosystems span a diverse range of climates, edaphic conditions and disturbance regimes, the complexity of which has stimulated long-standing interest in the mechanisms that maintain tree-grass coexistence. One hypothesis suggests that tree establishment is strongly limited by one or several demographic bottlenecks at early stages of the tree life cycle. A major impediment to testing this hypothesis is the lack of data on the relative strengths of different bottlenecks across key environmental gradients....

Abstract Background Adipose tissue-derived adipokines are involved in various crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs. Omentin1, a novel adipokine, exerts vital roles in the maintenance of body metabolism, insulin resistance and the like. However, the protective effect of omentin1 in myocardial ischemia (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) and its specific mechanism remains unclear and to be elucidated. Methods The model of MI-induced HF mice and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured cardiomyocytes were performed. Mice with overexpression...

Additional file1: Figure S1. Representative immunohistochemical images of the expression of omentin1 in adipose tissues of mice injected with AAV-NC or AAV-omentin1, and the statistical results of staining intensity of omentin1 were presented, scale bar = 250 μm (n = 3). The experiments were performed in triplicate. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. ##P < 0.01, ####P < 0.0001 vs. the sham group; ****P < 0.0001 vs. the model group, one-way ANOVA. Figure S2....

Supplemental material, Figure S1, for A Survey Assessing Counseling Strategies to Increase Sunscreen Use by Mallory L. Zaino, Caitlin Purvis, Esther A. Balogh, Elise D. Martin, E. J. Masicampo and Steven R. Feldman in Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for PCR analysis.

Abstract Background Cell-based therapy using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is a promising treatment strategy for neurogenic bladder (NB) associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, therapeutic efficacy is low because of inefficient cell delivery. Cell sheets improve the efficacy of cell transplantation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of transplanting ADSC sheets into an SCI rat model and focused on the function and pathological changes of the bladder. Methods ADSC...

Additional file 1: Table S1. Raw reads from the various echinoderm species are available in NCBI’s SRA and is also available at Zenodo (doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985492 ).

Additional file 4: File S3. OphiuroidDB user manual to describe operations and capabilities of the application.

Additional file 3: Table S2. Sample size estimation based on One-Sample Sensitivity and Specificity Analysis.

Ecological niche differences are necessary for stable species coexistence but are often difficult to discern. Models of dietary niche differentiation in large mammalian herbivores invoke the quality, quantity, and spatiotemporal distribution of plant tissues and growth-forms but are agnostic towards food-plant species identity. Empirical support for these models is variable, suggesting that additional mechanisms of resource partitioning may be important in sustaining large-herbivore diversity in African savannas. We used DNA metabarcoding to conduct a taxonomically...

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 3. Baseline Survey – includes the patient experience survey given to patients prior to the intervention

Additional file 6. Follow-up Survey – includes the patient experience survey given to patients following the intervention and a patient perspective survey about the intervention

Additional file 7. Navigator Materials– includes a study schema designed to help navigators through the study process and a table of definitions given to navigators to ensure consistency and understanding across sites

Abstract Background De-implementation requires understanding and targeting multilevel determinants of low-value care. The objective of this study was to identify multilevel determinants of imaging for prostate cancer (PCa) and asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH), two common urologic conditions that have contributed substantially to the annual spending on unnecessary imaging in the US. Methods We used a convergent mixed-methods approach involving survey and interview data. Using a survey, we asked 33 clinicians (55% response-rate) to indicate their imaging...

We propose a flexible and scalable approximate Bayesian inference methodology for the Cox Proportional Hazards model with partial likelihood. The model we consider includes nonlinear covariate effects and correlated survival times. The proposed method is based on nested approximations and adaptive quadrature, and the computational burden of working with the log-partial likelihood is mitigated through automatic differentiation and Laplace approximation. We provide two simulation studies to show the accuracy of the proposed approach, compared with...

The dataset herein is from a non-targeted analysis of 46 drinking water samples collected in California as part of the Tapwater Analysis Project. The compounds listed represent tentative identifications and a prioritization scheme to be used in deciding which compounds to confirm using reference standards.
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Additional file 1: Fig. S1. A schematic showing the experimental design, milk feeding, and fecal sample collection of the two trials.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Heatmap of the ASVs associated with diarrheic status in stage 4 of trial 1. The ASVs were identified based on fold change and analysis using LEfSe or DESeq2.