Background: Glossina pallidipes is a major vector of both Human and Animal African Trypanosomiasis (HAT and AAT) in Kenya. The disease imposes economic burden on endemic regions in Kenya, including south-western Kenya, which has undergone intense but unsuccessful tsetse fly control measures. We genotyped 387 G. pallidipes flies at 13 microsatellite markers to evaluate levels of temporal genetic variation in two regions that have been subjected to intensive eradication campaigns from the 1960s to the...

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Heat map showing the Plasmodium falciparum infection patterns in Kombewa, Iguhu, and Marani in western Kenya.

Additional file 5: Table S3. Host feeding preference of Anopheles mosquitoes in Kombewa, Iguhu, and Marani in western Kenya.

Abstract Background Malaria in western Kenya is currently characterized by sustained high Plasmodial transmission and infection resurgence, despite positive responses in some areas following intensified malaria control interventions since 2006. This study aimed to evaluate long-term changes in malaria transmission profiles and to assess patterns of asymptomatic malaria infections in school children aged 5–15 years at three sites in western Kenya with heterogeneous malaria transmission and simultaneous malaria control interventions. Methods The study was conducted...

Trypanosoma evansi is the parasite causing surra, a form of trypanosomiasis in camels and other livestock, and a serious economic burden in Kenya and many other parts of the world. Trypanosoma evansi transmission can be sustained mechanically by tabanid and Stomoxys biting flies, whereas the closely related African trypanosomes T. brucei brucei and T. b. rhodesiense require cyclical development in tsetse flies (genus Glossina) for transmission. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary origins of...

Additional file 3: Table S1. Malaria infection in Kombewa, Iguhu, and Marani in western Kenya [Mean (95%CI)].

Additional file 6: Figure S3. Variations in monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature and monthly rainfalls in Kombewa (a), Iguhu (b), and Marani (c) in western Kenya.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Number of field isolates collected from each study site the period spanning between 2008 and 2021. Table S2. Temporal trends in in vitro susceptibility of field isolates to selected antimalarial drugs between 2008 and 2021. Table S3. Piperaquine median IC50 and interquartile range of P. falciparum parasites collected from six different geographical zones between 2008 and 2021. Table S4. Temporal trends of piperaquine susceptibility across different study sites during the...

Abstract Background Malaria remains a public health problem in Kenya despite sustained interventions deployed by the government. One of the major impediments to effective malaria control is a lack of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This study was conducted to assess clinical malaria incidence and treatment seeking profiles of febrile cases in western Kenya. Methods Active case detection of malaria was carried out in three eco-epidemiologically distinct zones topologically characterized as lakeshore, hillside, and highland...

Additional file 2: Fig S1. Susceptibility of P. falciparum field isolates and controls to antimalarial drugs. Fig S2. The frequency of Pfmdr1, Pfpm2 and Pfpm3 copy numbers in infections during the study period.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Distribution of the proportion of surveys being infected in Kombewa (a), Iguhu (b), and Marani (c) in western Kenya.

Additional file 6: Figure S3. Variations in monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature and monthly rainfalls in Kombewa (a), Iguhu (b), and Marani (c) in western Kenya.

Background: Information about HBV sero-markers, infection stages and genotypes in HIV-1 infected and uninfected injection and non-injection drug users (IDUs) in Kenya remains elusive. Methods: A cross-sectional study examining HBV sero-marker, infection stages and genotypes was conducted among HIV-1 infected and uninfected, respectively, IDUs (n = 157 and n = 214) and non-IDUs (n = 139 and n = 48), and HIV-1 uninfected non-drug using controls (n = 194) from coastal, Kenya. HBV sero-marker and...

Additional file 1: Table S1. Independent variable importance associated with decision to seek treatment. Table S2. Factors associated with decision to seek treatment.

Additional file 4: Table S2. Hazard ratios for the infection in Kombewa, Iguhu, and Marani in western Kenya.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Distribution of the proportion of surveys being infected in Kombewa (a), Iguhu (b), and Marani (c) in western Kenya.

Additional file 3: Table S1. Malaria infection in Kombewa, Iguhu, and Marani in western Kenya [Mean (95%CI)].

Additional file 5: Table S3. Host feeding preference of Anopheles mosquitoes in Kombewa, Iguhu, and Marani in western Kenya.

Abstract Background Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PPQ) is an alternative first-line antimalarial to artemether-lumefantrine in Kenya. However, recent reports on the emergence of PPQ resistance in Southeast Asia threaten its continued use in Kenya and Africa. In line with the policy on continued deployment of DHA-PPQ, it is imperative to monitor the susceptibility of Kenyan parasites to PPQ and other antimalarials. Methods Parasite isolates collected between 2008 and 2021 from individuals with naturally acquired P. falciparum infections presenting...

Introduction - Control of vector populations is an effective strategy for addressing vector-borne disease transmission. Effective vector control requires knowledge of habitat use and connectivity. Our goal was to improve this knowledge for the tsetse species Glossina pallidipes, a vector of animal African trypanosomiasis, which is a wasting disease in livestock and represents a serious socioeconomic burden across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods and Results - We used random forest regression to: (i) Build and integrate models...

Background: There are racial, ethnic and geographical differences in complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals (RIs) and therefore it is necessary to establish RIs that are population specific. Several studies have been carried out in Africa to derive CBC RIs but many were not conducted with the rigor recommended for RI studies hence limiting the adoption and generalizability of the results. Method: By use of a Beckman Coulter ACT 5 DIFF CP analyser, we measured...

Additional file 1: Table S1. Independent variable importance associated with decision to seek treatment. Table S2. Factors associated with decision to seek treatment.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Number of field isolates collected from each study site the period spanning between 2008 and 2021. Table S2. Temporal trends in in vitro susceptibility of field isolates to selected antimalarial drugs between 2008 and 2021. Table S3. Piperaquine median IC50 and interquartile range of P. falciparum parasites collected from six different geographical zones between 2008 and 2021. Table S4. Temporal trends of piperaquine susceptibility across different study sites during the...

Additional file 2: Fig S1. Susceptibility of P. falciparum field isolates and controls to antimalarial drugs. Fig S2. The frequency of Pfmdr1, Pfpm2 and Pfpm3 copy numbers in infections during the study period.

Additional file 3:. Growth inhibition and genomic end point study data.