Isolation between species, or taxa sharing a common lineage, depends primarily on the relative strengths of various reproductive barriers. Previous studies on reproductive isolation between orchids emphasized mechanical and ethological barriers in flowers of species showing food and/or sexual mimicry. In this study, we investigated and quantified a series of pre- and post-pollination barriers between pink and white forms of Spiranthes sinensis sl, a nectar-secreting complex. We generated ML trees based on trnS-G and matK...

Climate change may impact the distribution of species by shifting their ranges to higher elevations or higher latitudes. The impacts on alpine plant species may be particularly profound due to a potential lack of availability of future suitable habitat. To identify how alpine species have responded to climate change during the past century as well as to predict how they may react to possible global climate change scenarios in the future, we investigate the climatic...

Pollination networks are usually constructed and assessed by direct field observations which commonly assume that all flower visitors are true pollinators. However, this assumption is often invalid and the use of data based on mere visitors to flowers may lead to a misunderstanding of intrinsic pollination networks. Here, using a large dataset by both sampling floral visitors and analyzing their pollen loads, we constructed 32 networks pairs (visitation vs. pollen transport) across one flowering season...

Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the role of gremlin during the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: The activation, roles and relationships of the BMPs/Smad1/5, MAPK, FAK and AKT signaling pathways in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) after gremlin induction were detected by western blotting and real-time PCR. Wound-healing, transwell, capsular bag models and rat PCO models assays were used to test the effects...

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can place an immense psychological strain on the infected patient. The psychological distress can linger after the initial recovery from the infection. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of provisional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with cured COVID-2019. Methods: The baseline survey was conducted from 10 to 25 February 2020 in patients with COVID-19 in a designated hospital. Demographic and clinical characteristics were acquired, and...

Hornworts, liverworts, and mosses are three early diverging clades of land plants, together composing the bryophytes. Here we report the draft genome sequence of the hornwort Anthoceros angustus. Phylogenomic inferences confirm the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to liverworts and mosses. The simple morphology of hornworts correlates with low genetic redundancy in plant body plan while the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for plant development has already been established in this early land plant lineage....

Amblyanthus chenii (Primulaceae; Myrsinoideae), a new species discovered growing in the understory of primeval forests in Medog County, southeast Xizang, China, is described based on morphological evidence. This is also the first generic record of Amblyanthus in China. The new species is most similar morphologically to A. multiflorus based on its axillary inflorescence and connate filament, but it differs in its 2-4 cm long condensed panicle and up to half adnation of its sepals and...

Fagus L. is a key component in temperate deciduous broadleaf forests of the Northern Hemisphere. However, its biogeographic history has not been examined under the framework of a fully resolved and reasonably time-calibrated phylogeny. In this study, we sequenced 28 nuclear single/low-copy loci (18,555 bp in total) of 11 Fagus species/segregates and seven outgroups. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using both concatenation-based (ML, MP, BI) and coalescent-based methods (StarBEAST2, ASTRAL). The monophyly of two subgenera (Fagus...

The study aimed to construct a clinical model based on preoperative data for predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery in patients with normal renal function. A total of 22,348 consecutive patients with normal renal function undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled. Among them, 15,701 were randomly selected for the training group and the remaining for the validation group. To develop a model visualized as a nomogram for predicting AKI, logistic regression was performed with...

The paleotropics harbor many biodiversity hotspots and show many different species richness patterns. However, it remains unclear which factors are the most important in directly shaping richness patterns among regions in the paleotropics (i.e. diversification rates, colonization times, dispersal frequency). Here we used Cycadaceae as a model system to test the causes of regional richness patterns in the paleotropics. Specifically we tested the roles of dispersal frequency, colonization time, diversification rates, and their combined role...

The Himalayas with dramatic elevation gradient is one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Although origin of biodiversity of the Himalayas is of great concern, the speciation process within the Himalayas is poorly known. Roscoea within the Himalayas serve as a good model system to test the speciation process along an elevation gradient. 32375 unlinked SNPs were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and introgression analyses in D-statistics and Fastsimicoal2. Species distribution modeling (SDM) was used to...

Reticulate evolution is a common and important driving force in angiosperm evolution. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic signals of genomic regions with different inheritance patterns to understand the evolutionary process of organisms using species‐rich Himalaya–Hengduan taxa of bamboos (Fargesia Franchet and Yushania Keng). We constructed phylogenetic trees using different sampling strategies and reconstruction methods based on genome skimming and double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing data. We assessed the congruence of topologies generated from...

The emergence of Omicron/BA.1 has brought new challenges to fight against SARS-CoV-2. A large number of mutations in the Spike protein suggest that its susceptibility to immune protection elicited by the existing COVID-19 infection and vaccines may be altered. In this study, we constructed the pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron. The sensitivity of 28 serum samples from COVID-19 convalescent patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 original strain was tested against pseudotyped Omicron as well as the other variants...

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-pss-10.1177_09567976231160098 for Toward Antifragility: Social Defeat Stress Enhances Learning and Memory in Young Mice Via Hippocampal Synaptosome Associated Protein 25 by Liu Yang, Li-Jun Shi, Shi-Yu Shen, Jing-Yan Yang, Su-Su Lv, Zhe-Chen Wang, Qian Huang, Wen-Dong Xu, Jin Yu and Yu-Qiu Zhang in Psychological Science

Previous studies have explored the association between protein-coding genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the influence of the miR-199a-3p/anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) axis in LUAD has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the underlying roles of AGR2 and miR-199a-3p in the development of LUAD. The expression levels of miR-199a-3p and AGR2 in LUAD tissues and cells were detected via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A luciferase...

Abstract Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potent anti-inflammatory function in various pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. Since the number of EVs naturally secreted by cells is finite and they usually bear specific repertoires of bioactive molecules to perform manifold cell–cell communication, but not one particular therapeutic function as expected, their practical application is still limited. Strategies are needed to increase the production of EVs and...

Abstract Background It has been well-documented that haplo-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID-HSCT) can provide outcomes comparable to conventional matched sibling donor (MSD) HSCT, however, little is known about the effects on quality of life (QoL) in long-term survivors. This study is to investigate the differences in longitudinal performance of QoL between HID and MSD HSCT using a comprehensive assessment system. Methods This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients who had received allogenic-HSCT (allo-HSCT) between January...

Additional file 1. Fig. S1: Correlations between FFA levels and clinical parameters in HF and control patients. Network analysis between fatty acid and clinical parameters. The color in each cell represents value of correlation calculated by Spearman‘s rank correlation coefficient. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Fig. S2: UA aggravates ISO induced heart failure leads to impaired energy metabolism in zebrafish. A Heatmap of several metabolites in UA, ISO and co-treatment induced heart failure zebrafish larvae at 96...

Additional file 1. Sexual risk behaviour score and fitting results of sexual risk behaviour trajectories. Table S1. Sexual risk behaviour score. Table S2. Five subgroups (3 3 3 3 3). Table S3. Five subgroups (3 1 3 1 1). Table S4. Four subgroups (3 3 3 3). Table S5. Four subgroups (1 1 1 3). Table S6. Three subgroups (3 3 3). Table S7. Three subgroups (3 1 2) (used in the main document)

Additional file 1. Fig S1. The relative abundance of indicator taxa at the phylum level. (A) Fusobacteria. (B) Firmicutes. (C) Cyanobacteria. (D) Proteobacteria. (E) Spirochaetae. (F) Acidobacteria. (G) Gemmatimonadetes. Significance levels with *, **, and *** represent FDR < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 between groups, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis test).

Additional file 3. Fig S3. Normalised peak intensity of potential metabolites which influence fish muscle quality (A) L-cysteine. (B) L-lysine. (C) L-threonine. (D) glutamine. (E) 5’-IMP. (F) L-glutamate. Significance levels with *, **, and *** represent FDR < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 between groups, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis test).

Additional file 2. Fig S2. The relative abundance of indicator taxa at the genus level. (A) Clostridium sensu stricto 1. (B) Macellibacteroides. (C) Blvii28 wastewater sludge group. (D) Mycobacterium. (E) Aeromonas. (F) Brevinema. (G) Gemmatimonas. (H) Nocardioides. Significance levels with *, **, and *** represent FDR < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 between groups, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis test).

Additional file 14: Fig. S3. Correlation analysis of transcription factors and structural genes

Abstract Background Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. chinense var. rubrum) is a precious, coloured-leaf native ornamental plant in the Hunan Province. We found an L. chinense var. rubrum tree with three different leaf colours: GL (green leaf), ML (mosaic leaf), and PL (purple leaf). The mechanism of leaf coloration in this plant is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the metabolites and genes involved in determining the colour composition of L. chinense var....

Additional file 3: Table S2. Association of prognosis with clinical characteristics.