Social animals are particularly exposed to infectious diseases. Pathogen-driven selection pressure has thus favoured the evolution of behavioural adaptations to decrease transmission risk, such as “social distancing”. Yet, such strategy might deprive individuals from valuable social interactions, generating a cost-benefit trade-off between pathogen avoidance and social opportunities. Recent studies revealed that hosts differ in the expression of these behavioural defences but the determinants driving such inter-individual variation remain poorly understood. Using 5 years of detailed...

Behavioral discrimination of kin is a key process structuring social relationships in animals. In this study, we provide a first example of discrimination towards non-kin by third-parties through a mechanism of phenotype matching. In mandrills, we recently demonstrated increased facial resemblance among paternally-related juvenile and adult females indicating adaptive opportunities for paternal kin recognition. Here, we hypothesize that mothers use offspring’s facial resemblance with other infants to guide offspring’s social opportunities towards similarly-looking ones. Using...

Additional file 1: Table S1. Distribution of all neurons’ minimum responses. Figure S1. Histogram of Table S1. Table S2. Distribution of minimum responses of the neurons where the sum of two Gaussians model fits better. Figure S2. Histogram of Table S2. Table S3. Distribution of minimum responses of the neurons with the center-surround profile. Figure S3. Histogram of Table S3.

Abstract Background Feature-based attention prioritizes the processing of the attended feature while strongly suppressing the processing of nearby ones. This creates a non-linearity or “attentional suppressive surround” predicted by the Selective Tuning model of visual attention. However, previously reported effects of feature-based attention on neuronal responses are linear, e.g., feature-similarity gain. Here, we investigated this apparent contradiction by neurophysiological and psychophysical approaches. Results Responses of motion direction-selective neurons in area MT/MST of monkeys were recorded...

Primates have adapted to numerous environments and lifestyles but very few species are native to high elevations. Here, we investigated high-altitude adaptations in the gelada (Theropithecus gelada), a monkey endemic to the Ethiopian Plateau. We examined genome-wide variation in conjunction with measurements of haematological and morphological traits. Our new gelada reference genome is highly intact and assembled at chromosome-length levels. Unexpectedly, we identified a chromosomal polymorphism in geladas that could potentially contribute to reproductive barriers...

Abstract Background Feature-based attention prioritizes the processing of the attended feature while strongly suppressing the processing of nearby ones. This creates a non-linearity or “attentional suppressive surround” predicted by the Selective Tuning model of visual attention. However, previously reported effects of feature-based attention on neuronal responses are linear, e.g., feature-similarity gain. Here, we investigated this apparent contradiction by neurophysiological and psychophysical approaches. Results Responses of motion direction-selective neurons in area MT/MST of monkeys were recorded...

Additional file 1: Table S1. Distribution of all neurons’ minimum responses. Figure S1. Histogram of Table S1. Table S2. Distribution of minimum responses of the neurons where the sum of two Gaussians model fits better. Figure S2. Histogram of Table S2. Table S3. Distribution of minimum responses of the neurons with the center-surround profile. Figure S3. Histogram of Table S3.

Original data used to assess group composition during female eviction and male emigration events.

Although mate choice is expected to favor partners with advantageous genetic properties, the relative importance of genome-wide characteristics, such as overall heterozygosity or kinship, versus specific loci, is unknown. To disentangle genome-wide and locus-specific targets of mate choice, we must first understand congruence in global and local variation within the same individual. This study compares genetic diversity, both absolute and relative to other individuals (e.g., complementarity), assessed across the genome to that found at the...

Several SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged that harbor mutations in the surface unit of the viral spike (S) protein that enhance infectivity and transmissibility. Here, we analyzed whether ten naturally-occurring mutations found within the extended loop harboring the S1/S2 cleavage site of the S protein, a determinant of SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism and pathogenicity, impact S protein processing and function. None of the mutations increased but several decreased S protein cleavage at the S1/S2 site, including S686G and...

Reciprocity is a prominent explanation for cooperation between non-kin. Studies seeking to demonstrate reciprocity often focus on direct reciprocity in the timescale of minutes to hours, whereas alternative mechanisms like generalised reciprocity and the possibility of reciprocation over longer timescales of months and years are less often explored. Using a playback experiment, we tested for evidence of direct and generalised reciprocity, across short and longer timescales. We examined the exchange of grooming for coalitionary support...

Original data used to assess group composition during female eviction and male emigration events.