Gene-environment interactions impact the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the relative contributions are unclear. Here, we identify gut microbiota as sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors in genetically distinct mouse strains. Daily gavage of saline in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice induced a social avoidance behavior that was not observed in C57BL/6 mice. This was not observed in NOD animals with depleted microbiota via oral administration of antibiotics. Transfer of intestinal microbiota, including members of the Clostridiales,...

BACKGROUND: The central thesis of plant ecology is that climate determines the distribution of global vegetation. Within a vegetation type, however, finer-scale environmental features such as the physical and chemical properties of soil (edaphic variation) control plant distributions and diversity patterns. AIMS: Here, we review the literature to provide a mechanistic framework for the edaphic control of plant diversity. First, we review three examples where soils have known, prevalent effects on plant diversity: during soil...

Supplemental Material for DNA Methylation Research in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Population by Lathika Mohanraj, Dana M. Lapato, Amir Toor and Theresa Swift-Scanlan in Biological Research For Nursing

Individuals differ in their predispositions toward seeking revenge—their vengefulness. Although the psychological antecedents and contextual factors that promote revenge have been widely studied, the structure of vengefulness has received less focus. The first phase of this project attempted to expand and clarify the taxonomy of vengefulness by using a hierarchical exploratory factor analysis on a battery of some of the most common vengefulness measures. The second phase used item response theory analysis to distill brief...

Supplementary Material 2

Additional file 3: Figure S3. Enrichment analysis of metabolic subtypes.

Additional file 3: Figure S3. Enrichment analysis of metabolic subtypes.

Additional file 4: Figure S4. Characters in different clinicopathological features.

Abstract Background NAFLD has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Human antigen R (HuR), an RNA-binding protein, is an important post-transcriptional regulator. HuR has been reported as a key player in regulating lipid homeostasis in the liver and adipose tissues by using tissue-specific HuR knockout mice. However, the underlying mechanism by which hepatocyte-specific HuR regulates hepatic lipid metabolism under metabolic stress remains unclear and is the focus of this study. Methods Hepatocyte-specific HuR...

Abstract Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most prevalent birth defects in the world. The pathogenesis of CHD is complex and unclear. With the development of metabolomics technology, variations in metabolites may provide new clues about the causes of CHD and may serve as a biomarker during pregnancy. Methods Sixty-five amniotic fluid samples (28 cases and 37 controls) during the second and third trimesters were utilized in this study. The metabolomics of...

Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of the cases. Table S2. The list of 118 differential metabolites. Figure S1. The PCA and clustering heat maps of two groups. Fig. A, Cluster map of all samples. Fig. B, Repeated correlation assessment results. Fig. C The volcano map for differential metabolites screening. Figure S2. The out of bag error of random forest model with different number of variables contained in each decision tree. Figure S3. The out...

Additional file 1: Supplementary results. Fig. S1. Flow chartof inclusion/exclusion of participants in this study. Fig. S2. Cumulative incidence of overall early-onset kidneydiseases later in life among children by age of diagnosis of type 1 diabetesmellitus (0-5, 6-12, and 13-17 years). Fig. S3. Cumulative incidence of overall early-onset kidney diseases later inlife among children by age of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (0-5, 6-12,and 13-17 years). Table S1. International Classification of Diseases codes for...

To better understand the diversity and phylogeny of Nemouridae, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Nemoura longicercia Okamoto, 1922. The entire mitochondrial genome of N. longicercia was 15,728 bp. It contained 37 representative genes (22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs)) and a control region. In this genome, 23 genes were found on the heavy strand (H-strand) and 14 genes were on the...

The creative team behind Founding Monsters and Founding Monsters Tales have created a new comic that takes a more scientific and less historic approach to the giant mammals that once roamed North America. The Mystery of the Missing Megafauna explores how changing climate impacted biodiversity and megafauna populations in North America at the end of the last Ice Age. Particular attention is placed on the extinction of mastodons, mammoths, giant ground sloths and other megafauna...

Additional file 9: Table S6. The results of PPIs shown in Fig. 5 and the co-expression data export from STRING to support the PPI of S. mansoni proteins.

Additional file 6: Figure S1. The representative MS/MS spectrum of LTGMAFR, supporting both B. glabrata and S. mansoni glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH).

Additional file 5: Table S4. A list of the total proteins, unique proteins and corresponding peptides identified in susceptible B. glabrata with reference to the B. glabrata proteome.

Additional file 7: Figure S2. The representative MS/MS of supporting peptides of S. mansoni protein identification.

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is a harmful neglected tropical disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp., such as Schistosoma mansoni. Schistosoma must transition within a molluscan host to survive. Chemical analyses of schistosome-molluscan interactions indicate that host identification involves chemosensation, including naïve host preference. Proteomic technique advances enable sophisticated comparative analyses between infected and naïve snail host proteins. This study aimed to compare resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata snail-conditioned water (SCW) to identify potential attractants...

Questionable Research Practices among Researchers in Top Management Programs

1. The ecological effects of large-scale climate change have received much attention, but the effects of the more acute form of climate change that results from local habitat alteration have been less explored. When forest is fragmented, cut, thinned, cleared or otherwise altered in structure, local climates and microclimates change. Such changes can affect herbivores both directly (e.g., through changes in body temperature) and indirectly (e.g., through changes in host plant traits). 2. We advance...