1. Available underwater visual census methods such as line transects or point count observations are widely used to obtain community data of underwater species assemblages, despite their known pit-falls. As interest in the community structure of aquatic life is growing, there is need for more standardized and replicable methods for acquiring underwater census data. 2. Here, we propose a novel approach, Point-Combination Transect (PCT), which makes use of automated image recording by small digital cameras...

Due to the lack of recombination, asexual organisms are predicted to accumulate mutations and show high levels of within-individual allelic divergence (heterozygosity) however, empirical evidence for this prediction is largely missing. Instead, evidence of genome homogenization during asexual reproduction is accumulating. Ameiotic crossover recombination is a mechanism that could lead to long genomic stretches of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and unmasking of mutations that have little or no effect in heterozygous state. Therefore, LOH might...

Objectives:The main aim was a systematic evaluation of the current evidence on outcomes for patients undergoing right ventricular assist device (RVAD) implantation following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.Methods:This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019130131). Reports evaluating in-hospital as well as follow-up outcome in LVAD and LVAD/RVAD implantation were identified through Ovid Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE. The primary endpoint was mortality at the hospital stay and at follow-up. Pooled incidence of defined...

Semi-terrestrial soils such as floodplain soils are considered potential hot spots of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Microhabitats in the soil – such as within and outside of aggregates, in the detritusphere, and/or in the rhizosphere – are considered to promote and preserve specific redox conditions. Yet our understanding of the relative effects of such microhabitats and their interactions on N2O production and consumption in soils is still incomplete. Therefore, we assessed the effect of aggregate...

Psychotic disorders are frequently associated with decline in functioning and cognitive difficulties are observed in subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. In this work, we applied automatic approaches to neurocognitive and functioning measures, with the aim of investigating the link between global, social and occupational functioning, and cognition. 102 CHR subjects and 110 patients with recent onset depression (ROD) were recruited. Global assessment of functioning (GAF) related to symptoms (GAF-S) and disability (GAF-D)....

Abstract Corrosion patterns induced by gastric fluids on the skeleton of prey animals may depend on the nature of the corrosive agents (acid, enzymes) as well as on the composition of the hard parts and the soft tissues that surround them. We propose a framework for predicting and interpreting corrosion patterns on lizard teeth, our model system, drawing on the different digestive pathways of avian and non-avian vertebrate predators. We propose that high-acid, low-enzyme systems...

Sensory processing varies depending on behavioral context. Here, we ask how task-engagement modulates neurons in the auditory system. We train mice in a simple tone-detection task, and compare their neuronal activity during passive hearing and active listening. Electrophysiological extracellular recordings in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, primary auditory cortex and anterior auditory field reveals widespread modulations across all regions and cortical layers, and in both putative regular and fast-spiking cortical neurons. Clustering analysis unveils...

Phylogenetic analyses are increasingly being performed with datasets that incorporate hundreds of loci. Due to incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, and horizontal gene transfer, the gene trees for these loci may often have topologies that differ from each other and from the species tree. The effect of these topological incongruences on divergence time estimation has not been fully investigated. Using a series of simulation experiments and empirical analyses, we demonstrate that when topological incongruence between gene...

Sex allocation theory in simultaneous hermaphrodites predicts that optimal sex allocation is influenced by local sperm competition, which occurs when related sperm compete to fertilize a given set of eggs. Different factors, including the mating strategy and the ability to self-fertilize, are predicted to affect local sperm competition and hence the optimal SA. Moreover, since the local sperm competition experienced by an individual can vary temporally and spatially, this can favour the evolution of sex...

Species' acclimation capacities and their ability to maintain molecular homeostasis outside of ideal temperature ranges will partly predict their success following climate-change induced thermal regime shifts. Theory predicts that ectothermic organisms from thermally stable environments have muted plasticities, and that these species may be particularly vulnerable to temperature increase. Whether such species retained or lost acclimation capacities remains largely unknown. We studied proteome changes in the planarian Crenobia alpina, a prominent member of cold-stable alpine...

When individuals cannot make up their mind, they sometimes use a random decision-making aid such as a coin to make a decision. This aid may also elicit affective reactions: A person flipping a coin may (dis)like the outcome, and thus decide according to this feeling. We refer to this process as catalysing decisions and to the aid as catalyst. We investigate whether using a catalyst may not only elicit affect but also result in more...

Additional file 5: Table S1 The top 2 serum metabolites differentiating DTH and control animals at day 12.

Additional file 5: Table S1 The top 2 serum metabolites differentiating DTH and control animals at day 12.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 3: Figure S3. Evaluation of serum cytokines and chemokines in AQP4 + NMOSD, MOGAD patients and HC. Levels of GM-CSF (A), IL-6 (B), IL-8 (C), IL-15 (D), TNF-alpha (E) and IL-10 (F) were investigated using the Meso Scale Diagnostics MULTISPOT Assay System in serum samples from AQP4 + NMOSD (left panel) and MOGAD (right panel) patients compared with their respective HC. Data are represented as median and IQR in scatter plot with a...

Abstract Background In neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), neutrophils are found in CNS lesions. We previously demonstrated that NMOSD neutrophils show functional deficiencies. Thus, we hypothesized that neutrophil accumulation in the CNS may be facilitated by impairments affecting mechanisms of neutrophil death. Objective To evaluate cell death in blood neutrophils from aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-seropositive NMOSD and MOGAD patients as well as matched healthy controls (HC) using in vitro assays....

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eso-10.1177_23969873221143570 for The EffecTs of Amlodipine and other Blood PREssure Lowering Agents on Microvascular FuncTion in Small Vessel Diseases (TREAT-SVDs) trial: Study protocol for a randomised crossover trial by Anna Kopczak, Michael S Stringer, Hilde van den Brink, Danielle Kerkhofs, Gordon W Blair, Maud van Dinther, Laurien Onkenhout, Karolina A Wartolowska, Michael J Thrippleton, Marco Duering, Julie Staals, Martin Middeke, Elisabeth André, Bo Norrving, Marie-Germaine Bousser, Ulrich Mansmann, Peter M Rothwell, Fergus N...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-msj-10.1177_13524585221139152 for Anterior horn atrophy in the cervical spinal cord: A new biomarker in progressive multiple sclerosis by Charidimos Tsagkas, Antal Huck-Horvath, Alessandro Cagol, Tanja Haas, Muhamed Barakovic, Michael Amann, Esther Ruberte, Lester Melie-Garcia, Matthias Weigel, Simon Pezold, Regina Schlaeger, Jens Kuhle, Till Sprenger, Ludwig Kappos, Oliver Bieri, Philippe Cattin, Cristina Granziera and Katrin Parmar in Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Abstract Background Work participation is important for health and can be considered as engagement in a major area of life which is of significance for most people, but it can also be thought of as fulfilling or discharging a role. Currently, academic research lacks a comprehensive classification of work participation outcomes. The International Classification of Functioning is the foremost model in defining work functioning and its counterpart work disability, but it does not provide a...

Abstract Background Work participation is important for health and can be considered as engagement in a major area of life which is of significance for most people, but it can also be thought of as fulfilling or discharging a role. Currently, academic research lacks a comprehensive classification of work participation outcomes. The International Classification of Functioning is the foremost model in defining work functioning and its counterpart work disability, but it does not provide a...

Numerous novel adaptations characterise the radiation of notothenioids, the dominant fish group in the freezing seas of the Southern Ocean. To improve understanding of the evolution of this iconic fish group, we generated and analysed new genome assemblies for 24 species covering all major subgroups of the radiation, including five long-read assemblies. We present a new estimate for the onset of the radiation at 10.7 million years ago, based on a time-calibrated phylogeny derived from...

Additional file 2. Distribution of ELISA OD values by antigen.

Additional file 1. Location of sites in Ethiopia [1A], Ghana [1B] and Madagascar [1C]. Notes: The location of each site is indicated as a black dot and the site’s name in red font; Ethiopia (Figure 1A): nine regional states (black italic, capital letters) and two chartered cities (black italic, lower letters) are shown;SNNPR=Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region; Ghana (Figure 1B): ten regions (black italic, capital letters) are shown; Madagascar (Figure 1C): six provinces (black...

Background: The most used questionnaires for PTSD screening in adults were developed in English. Although many of these questionnaires were translated into other languages, the procedures used to translate them and to evaluate their reliability and validity have not been consistently documented. This comprehensive scoping review aimed to compile the currently available translated and evaluated questionnaires used for PTSD screening, and highlight important gaps in the literature. Objective: This review aimed to map the availability...

Background:According to federal and cantonal law, persons with an acute mental illness can be admitted to a psychiatric hospital or another suitable institution against their will, when other therapeutic options are not available or have been exhausted. In the canton of Basel-Stadt, this is the responsibility of public health officers employed by the division of Social Medicine of the cantonal Health Department.Aims:This study aims to elucidate which factors influence the decision-making of public health officers...