Abstract Background Individuals diagnosed with and treated for type 1 diabetes (T1D) have increased risk of micro- and macrovascular disease and excess mortality. Improving cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in individuals with T1D is known to reduce diabetes- related CV complications. Aim To examine time trends in CV risk factor levels and CV-protective treatment patterns. Additionally, examine incidence rates of diabetes-related CV complications in relation to exposure CV-protective treatment. Methods We analysed records from 41,630 individuals...

Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 1. Apicomplexa phylogeny with sequence labels and UltraFast bootstrap support values. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of all Apicomplexa ASVs, reference sequences, and BLAST hits using the GTR+F+R7 substitution model. Individual ASVs indicated by bold tip labels and white rectangles in grey ring. Accompanying dots reflect presence in each host phylum (coloured accordingly).

Aim: Viviparity has evolved more times in squamates than in any other vertebrate group. Therefore, squamates offer an excellent model system to study the patterns, drivers, and implications of reproductive mode evolution. Based on current species distributions we examined three selective forces hypothesized to drive squamate viviparity evolution: (1) cold climate, (2) variable climate, and (3) hypoxic conditions, and tested whether viviparity is associated with larger body size. Location: Global. Time period: present day. Taxon:...

Aim: There has been a wide interest in the effect of biotic interactions on species’ occurrences and abundances at large spatial scales, coupled with a vast development of the statistical methods to study them. Still, the evidence whether the effects of within-trophic level biotic interactions (e.g. competition and heterospecific attraction) are discernible beyond local scales remains inconsistent. Here, we present a novel hypothesis-testing framework based on joint dynamic species distribution models (JDSDMs) and functional trait...

Biological invasions rank among the top five threatening factors affecting biodiversity, but ongoing changes in climate and land cover might exacerbate risks. We used species distribution models for 609 traded bird species on the CITES list to examine the combined effects of projected climate change and land-cover change worldwide on the potential range expansion of bird species with commercial value as pets. The maps of potential invasion (may be inferred as the invasion risk) have...

Aim: To date results from interventions to prevent or reduce sickness absence have had inconclusive, unsustainable or small effects. One reason may be that the effects of such interventions are affected by contextual factors in the workplace. These contextual factors can be identified through a process evaluation examining the implementation process. The aim of this paper is to present the design of a process evaluation of the implementation of a complex intervention called the Sickness...

Abstract Background Deep brain stimulation has been used since the 1980s for neurological disorders and the USA and Europe have now approved it for Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and epilepsy. Previous reviews have assessed the effects of deep brain stimulation on different neurological disorders. These reviews all had methodological limitations. Methods This is a protocol for a systematic review based on searches of major medical databases (e.g. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and clinical trial registries....

Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*.

Abstract Background The complexity of past trauma and ongoing post-migration stressors challenges the existing mental health treatment for trauma-affected refugees. Therefore, interventions are needed to accommodate these complex challenges in mental health treatment. This study examines the effect of an add-on integrated care intervention compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for trauma-affected refugees in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods The study is carried out at a Danish outpatient clinic and will include 197 treatment-seeking...

Abstract Background The complexity of past trauma and ongoing post-migration stressors challenges the existing mental health treatment for trauma-affected refugees. Therefore, interventions are needed to accommodate these complex challenges in mental health treatment. This study examines the effect of an add-on integrated care intervention compared to treatment as usual (TAU) for trauma-affected refugees in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Methods The study is carried out at a Danish outpatient clinic and will include 197 treatment-seeking...

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Birth weight percentiles by sex and gestational age for STOPPAM vs. Intergrowth (IG21) references. The percentiles before and after 33 weeks for Intergrowth were merged, hence the bend in the 10th percentile.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Birth weight percentiles by sex and gestational age for STOPPAM vs. Intergrowth (IG21) references. The percentiles before and after 33 weeks for Intergrowth were merged, hence the bend in the 10th percentile.

Additional file 3: Figure S2. The birth weight z-scores comparing STOPPAM vs. Intergrowth (IG21) references. The dash line indicates the mean birthweight z-scores.

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Association between small for gestational age (SGA) and malaria in pregnancy excluding all HIV seropositive women. Panels A and B shows the unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) for SGA when using STOPPAM (SGASTOPPAM) and Intergrowth-21 (SGAIG21) references. Panels C and D shows the adjusted odds ratio (aOR).

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have documented PM2.5’s links with adverse health outcomes. Comparatively fewer studies have evaluated specific PM2.5 components. The lack of exposure measurements and high correlation among different PM2.5 components are two limitations. Methods: We applied a novel exposure prediction model to obtain annual Census tract-level concentrations of 15 PM2.5 components (Zn, V, Si, Pb, Ni, K, Fe, Cu, Ca, Br, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OC, EC) in Massachusetts from 2000 to 2015, to...

Abstract Background Healthcare accreditation is a widely implemented tool used to enhance the quality of care and underpin quality control. However, research is sparse on the accreditation process in general practice. The aim of this study was to explore how team-based implementation activities preceding accreditation were associated with self-perceived improvements in emergency preparedness (preparedness for urgent disease and cardiac arrest) and handling of prescription renewals in Danish general practice. Methods GPs (general practitioners) completed a...

Additional file 2: S2. CERT (Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template).

Additional file 5: S5. Usual care exercise after cartilage or meniscus repair in the knee joint - week 3–6 postoperatively.

Additional file 7: S7. Supplementary results. S7 Table 1. Patient characteristics at 16 and 26-week assessment. S7 Table 2. Clinical application (adherence), training characteristics and pain at rest and during BFR-LLST added to usual care exercise. S7 Table 3. Change per week in thigh circumference, knee joint and quadriceps pain, perceived exertion and training load during the, on average, 11 weeks of BFR-LLST added to usual care exercise intervention period (15 sessions). S7 Table 4....

Introduction:In a publicly financed healthcare system we aimed to study the development in socioeconomic disparity in ischemic stroke outcomes over time. In addition, we study whether the healthcare system affects these outcomes through the quality of early stroke care when adjustments are made for various patient characteristics incl. comorbidity and stroke severity.Patients and methods:Using nationwide, detailed individual-level register-data we analysed how income-related and education-related inequality in 30-day mortality and 30-day readmission risk developed between 2003...

Additional file 2 The number of SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and negative infants in Kwamasimba and Mkokola villages based on age in months.

Additional file 2: Section S1. Additional details for strain transfer findings.

Additional file 1. Additional figures and tables.