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Giant earthquakes have repeatedly ruptured the Cascadia subduction zone, and similar earthquakes will likely also occur there in the near future. We employ a 3-D time-dependent thermomechanical model that incorporates an up-to-date description of the slab geometry to study the Cascadia subduction thrust. Results show a distinct band of 3-D slab dehydration that extends from Vancouver Island to the Seattle Basin and further southward to the Klamath Mountains in northern California, where episodic tremors cluster....

The downdip limit of seismogenic interfaces inferred from the subduction thermal regime by thermal models has suggested relating to the faulting instability caused by brittle failure regime in various plate convergent systems. However, the featured three-dimensional (3-D) temperature structure especially along the horizontal two-dimensional (2-D) dimension of a subduction zone remains still poorly constrained. To robustly investigate and further map the horizontal distribution of subduction regime and subsequently induced slab dewatering in a decent plate...

Repeating postseismic event sequences associated with featured variations of the moment magnitude spectrum and recurrence interval have been fruitfully studied by previous researchers. However, similar features of recorded regular earthquakes are much less frequently observed due to their lower event recurrence frequencies and the range or accuracy limits of the employed observation systems. Based on rapidly increasing catalogs of earthquakes with high-resolution epicenter locations made possible in recent decades and combined with three-dimensional (3-D) numerical...

The characteristics of avian wings that evolved for flying appear to show a distinct relationship to the shape of the pes and walking abilities as reflected in footprints. Wing area, wing span and body weight data of modern birds were collected and analysed in order to quantify the possible correlation, which was previously only inferred from empirical data. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that avian wings can be divided into three habitat groups, in a similar way...