Abstract Phosphorus recycling from sewage sludge will be obligatory in Germany from 2029. Phosphorus content determination in sewage sludge is crucial to assess the prescribed recycling rates. Currently, German law regards sample preparation using aqua regia digestion in a microwave or under reflux conditions as well as instrumental phosphorus determination by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or photometric determination with ammonium molybdate as equivalent. However, it is questionable whether these methods are indeed equivalent regarding phosphorus quantification in...

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures S1-S23 and Supplementary Tables S1-S3.

Additional file 2. Peer review history.

Abstract Aneuploidy, chromosomal instability, somatic copy-number alterations, and whole-genome doubling (WGD) play key roles in cancer evolution and provide information for the complex task of phylogenetic inference. We present MEDICC2, a method for inferring evolutionary trees and WGD using haplotype-specific somatic copy-number alterations from single-cell or bulk data. MEDICC2 eschews simplifications such as the infinite sites assumption, allowing multiple mutations and parallel evolution, and does not treat adjacent loci as independent, allowing overlapping copy-number events....

Die Suche nach einem Standort zur Endlagerung von hochradioaktivem Abfall ist eine generationenübergreifende soziale und politische Aufgabe mit geowissenschaftlichem Kern. Deutschland hat dafür einen partizipativen Prozess gestartet. Die erste Herausforderung ist die Eingrenzung geeigneter Gebiete beginnend mit der gesamten Bundesrepublik. Die zweite ist den Untergrund im Bereich der verbleibenden wenigen Prozent der Landesfläche mit geowissenschaftlichem Wissen, Methoden und Daten detailliert auf seine Eignung hin zu untersuchen.

Die Mindestanforderungen des Standortauswahlgesetzes stellen hohe Ansprüche an die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Wirtsgesteins an einem möglichen Endlagerstandort. Geophysikalische Verfahren können ein strukturelles Abbild des Untergrunds liefern und diesen beschreiben, von der Erdoberfläche bis in die Tiefe des Endlagers und darunter. Für die Erkundung eines Endlagerstandorts sind hochauflösende Verfahren notwendig, die weit über Standardmethoden der seismischen und geologischen Untersuchungen hinausgehen.

Carbonatites crystallize from mantle-derived carbonate- and volatile-rich melts that exsolve large amounts of fluids during their ascent through and emplacement into the crust. A global review of available fluid inclusion data for carbonatitic systems from variable emplacement depths identified four types of fluid inclusions: (type-I) vapour-poor H2O-NaCl fluids with <50 wt.% salinity; (type-II) vapour-rich H2O-NaCl-CO2 fluids with <5 wt.% salinity; (type-III) multi-component fluids with high salinity without CO2; and (type-IV) multi-component fluids with high salinity...

Wie werden patientenberichtete Gesundheitsdaten (PROMs) heute genutzt? Welche konkreten Hürden behindern die breitflächige Implementierung und welche Faktoren sind besonders förderlich? Dazu fand von Juli bis Dezember 2021 eine Online-Befragung unter PROM-Anwenderinnen und -Anwendern im deutschsprachigen Raum statt. Der vorliegende Ergebnisbericht „Nutzung von Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) im deutschsprachigen Raum“ liefert interessante Erkenntnisse aus der Praxis und Ansatzpunkte für nächste Schritte auf dem Weg zu einer breiteren Implementierung von PROMs.

The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is accelerating across the globe, as prices continue to fall and countries begin their transition from fossil to renewable energy. Public auctions have become the dominant policy tool for solar PV deployment: 106 countries held renewable energy auctions (dominated by solar) by the end of 2018 (IRENA a, 2019). One third of the 55 countries that held renewable auctions in 2017 – 2018 did so for the first time (ibid.)....

Along the middle Atbara River, Pleistocene alluvial sediments dated to ~200 to 20 ka are exposed in eastern Sudan over a length of about 200 km with a maximum thickness of 50 m. The Atbara River today has its headwaters in the northern Ethiopian Plateau and is the last major tributary of the Nile before it flows through the Sahara. Previous studies and our fieldwork since 2018 have resulted in extensive finds of fossil terrestrial...

Hintergrund: Die zweite Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie führte zu erheblichen Unterschieden in den Inzidenzraten in Deutschland. Methoden: Ein annahmefreies k-nearest neighbour (kNN; auf Deutsch „k-nächste Nachbarn“) Clusterverfahren auf Basis einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse der wöchentlichen Inzidenzraten deutscher Kreise findet Cluster ähnlichen Ausbreitungsverhaltens. Die unterschiedliche Ausbreitungsdynamik wurde anhand der Ableitungsdiagramme der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Tupel [x(t),x'(t)] der wöchentlichen Inzidenzraten und ihrer Ableitungen analysiert. Die Wirksamkeit der verschiedenen Lockdown-Maßnahmen in Deutschland während der zweiten Welle wird anhand der Differenz der...

Weathering is the fundamental precondition for erosion and soil formation which sculpture Earth´s surface. It is a complex interplay of minerals, rock fabric, tectonical fractures, climate, and organic activity. To explore the dependences between these factors two weathering profiles on magmatic bedrock were compared using six-meter-deep soil pits and drill cores in both a humid and a Mediterranean climate regime of Chile. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical investigations of soil and saprolite were combined with spatially...

Additional file 1: Table S1 Origin of the 15 investigated sewage sludges and sludge treatment at respective wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Table S2 Characterization of the 15 investigated sewage sludges and HNO3 addition (for samples with more than 500 mg C on 3,000 mg according to EN 16174), contents related to dry matter. Table S3 Phosphorus recovery of certified reference materials (sewage sludges, Sigma-Aldrich, Laramie, USA). Averages (n=2) of respective measurement day related to fresh...

Abstract Aneuploidy, chromosomal instability, somatic copy-number alterations, and whole-genome doubling (WGD) play key roles in cancer evolution and provide information for the complex task of phylogenetic inference. We present MEDICC2, a method for inferring evolutionary trees and WGD using haplotype-specific somatic copy-number alterations from single-cell or bulk data. MEDICC2 eschews simplifications such as the infinite sites assumption, allowing multiple mutations and parallel evolution, and does not treat adjacent loci as independent, allowing overlapping copy-number events....

Das gegenwärtige Spannungsfeld der Erdkruste ist eine zentrale Feldgröße für die Beurteilung der Stabilität eines Endlagers. Erreichen die Spannungen einen kritischen Wert, dann versagt das Gestein. Es bilden sich Risse und Brüche, die Wegsamkeiten für Flüssigkeiten und Gase darstellen. Als Folge kann das Endlager undicht werden. Im direkten Bezug dazu stehen die Ausschlusskriterien seismische Aktivität und aktive Störungszonen aus dem Standortauswahlgesetz. Beide sind ein Ausdruck dafür, dass der kritische Wert überschritten wurde.

The identification of contamination sources is vital for water protection, especially in highly vulnerable karst aquifers. Contamination sources might be distinguished by host-specific DNA markers of bacteria (Microbial Source Tracking, MST) or source-specific indicator compounds (Chemical Source Tracking, CST). These methods can help to identify a type of contamination source but fail to distinguish similar contaminant signals from different origins, e.g. multiple points of wastewater infiltration. Transport modelling can reduce these ambiguities by considering the...

Contamination of carbonatite melts is often neglected due to a fast magma ascent and low liquidus temperatures. However, increased silicate mineral formation observed in numerous carbonatite occurrences world-wide requires an external Si introduction. Our study demonstrates that carbonatite dykes penetrating different lithologies of Palabora (South Africa) shows different modes of mineralogical modification. In particular Al and Si-rich lithologies show the most significant effects. Besides silicate mineral formation Si introduction may cause directly and indirectly variations...

Das interdisziplinäre und internationale Projekt untersuchte in den Jahren 2018-2019 die Rechnungsbücher (1566-1584) der Stettin (Szczecin)-Danziger (Gdańsk) Kaufmannbankiersfamilie Loitz, die sich im Staatsarchiv Danzig befinden. Das Ziel des Projekts war es, diese größte vorhandene Sammlung der frühneuzeitlichen Rechnungsbücher in Danzig (16 Archivalien, 969 S.) zu digitalisieren, online zu publizieren und wissenschaftlich aus drei methodischen Perspektiven auszuwerten. Erstens: als Quelle für die Geschichte des Finanzwesens und Handels im südlichen Ostseeraum. Zweitens: als Datenquelle für die Computer...

Exploration of carbonatite-associated REE-deposits is challenging due to heterogeneous ore distribution and variable and often complex ore mineralogy. The Kieshöhe carbonatite in SW Namibia represents a subvolcanic occurrence hosting dolomite, calcite and ankerite carbonatite dykes, ring dykes and diatremes. Petrography, whole rock geochemistry and microXRF imaging provide insights into the role of silicate xenoliths for the REE mineralization in a subvolcanic environment. Xenolith-rich carbonatites are relatively REE-poor with only minor monazite mineralization, whereas xenolith-free carbonatites...

Complex socio-economic, political and demographic factors have driven the increased conversion of Europe’s semi-natural grasslands to intensive pastures. This trend is particularly strong in some of the most biodiverse regions of the continent, such as Central and Eastern Europe. Intensive grazing is known to decrease species diversity and alter the composition of plant and insect communities. Comparatively little is known, however, about how intensive grazing influences plant functional traits related to pollination and the structure...

Abstract Phosphorus recycling from sewage sludge will be obligatory in Germany from 2029. Phosphorus content determination in sewage sludge is crucial to assess the prescribed recycling rates. Currently, German law regards sample preparation using aqua regia digestion in a microwave or under reflux conditions as well as instrumental phosphorus determination by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or photometric determination with ammonium molybdate as equivalent. However, it is questionable whether these methods are indeed equivalent regarding phosphorus quantification in...

Animals, including humans, differ in a wide range of physical and cognitive abilities ranging from measures of running speed and physical strength to learning ability and intelligence. We consider the evolution of ability when individuals interact pairwise over their contribution to a common good. In this interaction, the contribution of each is assumed to be the best given their own ability and the contribution of their partner. Since there is a tendency for individuals to...

Animals, including humans, differ in a wide range of physical and cognitive abilities ranging from measures of running speed and physical strength to learning ability and intelligence. We consider the evolution of ability when individuals interact pairwise over their contribution to a common good. In this interaction, the contribution of each is assumed to be the best given their own ability and the contribution of their partner. Since there is a tendency for individuals to...

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures S1-S23 and Supplementary Tables S1-S3.

A more sustainable society with CO2 neutral energy production requires substantial amounts of trace metal(loids). However, our understanding about the fractionation processes of these elements between the epithermal and porphyry environment is still limited, but may be essential to secure the future supply of these rare commodities. The porphyry-epithermal mineralization on Limnos (Fakos, Sardes, Kaspakas) show variable Te and related element (e.g., Au, Ag) contents, and therefore represent a natural laboratory to define key fractionation...