The past decades have witnessed an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the catchments of the Northern Hemisphere. Increases in terrestrial productivity may be a reason for the increases in DOC concentration. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of increased terrestrial productivity and changed hydrology following climate change on DOC concentrations. We tested and quantified the effects of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and discharge on DOC...

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by triggering Fenton reaction or Fenton-like reaction to generate hazardous hydroxyl radical (•OH), is a promising strategy to selectively inhibit tumors with higher H2O2 levels and relatively acidic microenvironment. Current Fe-based Fenton nanocatalysts mostly depend on slowly releasing iron ions from Fe or Fe oxide-based nanoparticles, which leads to a limited rate of Fenton reaction. Herein, we employed black phosphorene nanosheets (BPNS), a biocompatible and biodegradable photothermal material, to develop iron-mineralized black...

Objective: Low socioeconomic status based both on educational level and income has been associated with asthma and respiratory symptoms, but changes over time in these associations have rarely been studied. The aim was to study the associations between educational or income inequality and asthma and respiratory symptoms among women and men over a 20-year period in northern Sweden. Methods: The study was performed within the Obstructive Lung disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) research program. Mailed...

The occurrence of similar phenotypes in multiple independent populations derived from common ancestral conditions (viz. parallel evolution) is a testimony of evolution by natural selection. Parallel evolution implies that populations share a common phenotypic response to a common selection pressure associated with habitat similarity. Examples of parallel evolution at genetic and phenotypic levels are fairly common, but the driving selective agents often remain elusive. Similarly, the role of phenotypic plasticity in facilitating early stages of...

The robustness and sensitivity of gene networks to environmental changes is critical for cell survival. How gene networks produce specific, chronologically ordered responses to genome-wide perturbations, while robustly maintaining homeostasis, remains an open question. We analysed if short- and mid-term genome-wide responses to shifts in RNA polymerase (RNAP) concentration are influenced by the known topology and logic of the transcription factor network (TFN) of Escherichia coli. We found that, at the gene cohort level, the...

Early life conditions can have a decisive influence on viability later in life. Yet, the influence of embryo density within a nest or body cavity on subsequent viability has received little attention within an ecological setting. This is surprising given that embryos often compete for limited resources, such as nutrients and oxygen, and this could influence their viability later in life through carry-over and compensatory effects. We show that the density of fertilised eggs within...

Soft-sediment macrofaunal community data used in "Identifying ‘vital attributes’ for assessing disturbance-recovery potential of seafloor communities" in Ecology and Evolution. Data is macrofauna community data from two soft-sediment disturbance recovery experiments conducted in the Tvärminne-Hanko Archipelago in the Baltic Sea, and Kawau Bay in New Zealand.

Aim: We tested if historical demographic changes of populations occurring on the floodplains of a major Amazon Basin tributary could be associated with range expansions from upper and middle sections of the river, following the establishment of widespread river-created environments during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Location: Solimões River, Western Amazon, South America. Taxon: Myrmoborus lugubris, Thamnophilus cryptoleucus and Myrmotherula assimilis. Methods: We explored spatial patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among sampled localities using...

The frequency and duration of heatwaves are increasing because of human activities. To cope with the changes, species with longer generation times may have to rely on plastic responses. The probability that their responses are adaptive is higher if the species have experienced temperature fluctuations also in their evolutionary past. However, experimental studies investigating responses to heatwaves often use exposure times that are significantly shorter than recent heatwaves. We show that this can lead to...

The ability of an ecosystem to deliver multiple functions at high levels (multifunctionality) typically increases with biodiversity but there is substantial variation in the strength and direction of biodiversity effects, suggesting context-dependency. A better understanding of the drivers of this context dependency is essential to predict effects of global change on ecosystems. To determine how different factors modulate the effect of diversity on multifunctionality, we established a large grassland experiment with 216 communities, crossing a...

DNA methylation patterns are largely established in-utero and might mediate the impacts of in-utero conditions on later health outcomes. Associations between perinatal DNA methylation marks and pregnancy-related variables, such as maternal age and gestational weight gain, have been earlier studied with methylation microarrays, which typically cover less than 2% of human CpG sites. To detect such associations outside these regions, we chose the bisulphite sequencing approach. We collected and curated clinical data on 200 newborn...

The ability of a species to cope with both long-term and short-term environmental fluctuations might vary with the species' life history. While some life-history characteristics promote large and stable population sizes despite interannual environmental fluctuations, other life-history strategies might allow to evolve quickly in response to long-term gradual changes. In a theoretical study, we show that there is a tradeoff between both properties. Life-history characteristics that promote fast rates of evolution come at the expense...

To review publications exploring non-utilization of oral health services and to identify factors associated with non-utilization of oral health services among children and adolescents. An integrative review design was adopted. A search was conducted for research articles published during the period from 2000 to April 2021 in five databases, Medline via Ovid, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were original articles examining non-utilization of oral health services among 0–19 years old...

Additional file 1: Supplemental Fig. 1. (A) Representative image of N2a-derived EVs using electron microscopy. (B) Size distribution of N2a-derived EVs analyzed by a nanoparticle analyzer, qNano.

High costs of cancer, and especially the increase in treatment costs, have raised concerns about the financial sustainability of publicly funded health care systems around the world. As cancers get more prevalent with age, treatment costs are expected to keep rising with aging populations. The objective of the study is to analyze the changes in cost of cancer care broken down into separate cost components and outcomes of cancer treatment in the Nordic countries 2012–2017....

High costs of cancer, and especially the increase in treatment costs, have raised concerns about the financial sustainability of publicly funded health care systems around the world. As cancers get more prevalent with age, treatment costs are expected to keep rising with aging populations. The objective of the study is to analyze the changes in cost of cancer care broken down into separate cost components and outcomes of cancer treatment in the Nordic countries 2012–2017....

Background. Acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is catastrophic event associated with significant mortality and lifelong morbidity. The optimal treatment strategy of TBAD is still controversial. Methods. This analysis includes patients treated for TBAD at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland in 2007–2019. The endpoints were early and late mortality, and intervention of the aorta. Results. There were 205 consecutive TBAD patients, 59 complicated and 146 uncomplicated patients (mean age of 66 ± 14, females 27.8%)....

Background. Acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is catastrophic event associated with significant mortality and lifelong morbidity. The optimal treatment strategy of TBAD is still controversial. Methods. This analysis includes patients treated for TBAD at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland in 2007–2019. The endpoints were early and late mortality, and intervention of the aorta. Results. There were 205 consecutive TBAD patients, 59 complicated and 146 uncomplicated patients (mean age of 66 ± 14, females 27.8%)....

Termite mound fluxes and surrounding soil fluxes

Additional file 1: Supplementary material. A combined document including all supplementary tables (Tables S1-S11), figures (Figs. S1-S7), and code (Text S1).

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-acr-10.1177_02841851211058929 for Inter- and intra-observer agreement on evaluating the presence of residual glandular tissue with magnetic resonance tomography following prophylactic mastectomy by Märta A Skoglund, Magnus N Andersson, Annika Björkgren, Ernst Tolocka, Malin Sund and Rebecca Wiberg in Acta Radiologica

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-acr-10.1177_02841851211058929 for Inter- and intra-observer agreement on evaluating the presence of residual glandular tissue with magnetic resonance tomography following prophylactic mastectomy by Märta A Skoglund, Magnus N Andersson, Annika Björkgren, Ernst Tolocka, Malin Sund and Rebecca Wiberg in Acta Radiologica

BackgroundThere are no published international consensus or guideline documents regarding appropriate medical follow-up for women with hereditary increased risk of breast cancer who opt for prophylactic mastectomy. Moreover, it is not known whether breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed after a prophylactic mastectomy is a reproducible method for evaluating whether clinically relevant amounts of residual glandular tissue remains.PurposeTo evaluate the inter- and intra-observer agreement on detecting residual glandular tissue with MRI.Material and MethodsIn total, 40...

Since the first issue of Journal of Biogeography (JBI) was published in 1974, the discipline and its eponymous journal have grown in scope and consequence. On this 50th anniversary of the journal, we reflect on changes in biogeography and publishing, describe trends of the past five decades, and present lists of the 50 most-cited articles from JBI’s back catalogue. We describe current initiatives intended to chart a course for continued success in the coming 50...