A 3D finite element model has been developed for studying the ballistic behaviour of bi-layer ceramic-metal target plates under the impact loads induced by the projectiles of different diameter to length ratios. The bi-layer target constituted of alumina 95, as front layer, backed by aluminium alloy 2024-T3 layer, has been impacted by steel 4340 blunt and ogival nosed projectiles of diameter to length ratios, 0.5 and 1.1. The constitutive behaviour of ceramic was modelled using...