Alleles conferring a higher adaptive value in one environment may have a detrimental impact on fitness in another environment. Alleles conferring resistance to pesticides and drugs provide textbook examples of this trade-off as, in addition to conferring resistance to these molecules, they frequently decrease fitness in pesticide/drug-free environments. We show here that resistance to chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate (OP), in Chinese populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is conferred by two mutations of ace1 –...

Dioecy, the sexual system in which male and female organs are found in separate individuals, allows greater specialization for sex-specific functions and can be advantageous under various ecological and environmental conditions. However, dioecy is rare among flowering plants. Previous studies identified contradictory trends regarding the relative diversification rates of dioecious lineages vs their nondioecious counterparts, depending on the methods and data used. We gathered detailed species-level data for dozens of genera that contain both dioecious...

Additional file 1. Original data of WB.

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Interference of LncRNA-TBP inhibits fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. (A-F) Relative LncRNA-TBP expression (n = 4) (A), relative mtDNA content (n = 4) (B), relative fatty acid β-oxidation rate (n = 4) (C), relative FFA and TG content (n = 4) (D), relative mRNA (n = 6) (E) and protein (n = 3) (F) expression levels of fatty acid oxidation or synthesis related-genes in gastrocnemius with LncRNA-TBP interference in...

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Interference of LncRNA-TBP inhibits fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. (A-F) Relative LncRNA-TBP expression (n = 4) (A), relative mtDNA content (n = 4) (B), relative fatty acid β-oxidation rate (n = 4) (C), relative FFA and TG content (n = 4) (D), relative mRNA (n = 6) (E) and protein (n = 3) (F) expression levels of fatty acid oxidation or synthesis related-genes in gastrocnemius with LncRNA-TBP interference in...

Additional file 5: Figure S4. Interference of LncRNA-TBP activates fast-twitch muscle phenotype and reduces muscle hypertrophy. (A-N) relative enzymes activity of LDH and SDH (n = 4) (A), Relative glycogen content (n = 5) (B), relative mRNA expression levels of glycogenolytic and glycolytic genes (n = 6) (C), relative mRNA expression levels of several fast-/slow-twitch myofiber genes (n = 6) (D), immunohistochemistry analysis of MYH1A/MYH7B (n = 3) (E), MYH1A/MYH7B protein content (n = 8)...

Additional file 9: Figure S8. The expression and location analysis of TBP. (A) Relative TBP expression during the proliferation and differentiation of CPM isolated from XH chicken (n = 4). (B) Subcellular location of TBP protein annotated by UniProt Knowledgebase ( https://www.uniprot.org/ ). In panels (A), results are presented as mean ± SEM.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Conservative analysis of LncRNA-TBP performed by using the NCBI’s BLAST. A total of eighteen species, including Anas platyrhynchos, Anser cygnoides, Apteryx mantelli mantelli, Aquila chrysaetos, Bos taurus, Coturnix japonica, Gallus gallus, Geospiza fortis, Homo sapiens, Meleagris gallopavo, Melopsittacus undulatus, Mus musculus, Numida meleagris, Ovis aries, Pan troglodytes, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa and Zebra finch were used for Nucleotide BLAST. Top 4 most conservative results were listed above.

Abstract Lung cancer has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world. Frailty is common in many countries and is a major cause of premature functional decline and premature death in older adults, and may affect the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer patients. To investigate the predictive value of frailty at diagnosis on all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients, this study retrospectively collected and analysed clinical information on lung cancer patients...

Abstract Background The cytoskeletal architecture of osteoclasts (OCs) and bone resorption activity must be appropriately controlled for proper bone remodeling, which is associated with osteoporosis. The RhoA protein of GTPase plays a regulatory role in cytoskeletal components and contributes to osteoclast adhesion, podosome positioning, and differentiation. Although osteoclast investigations have traditionally been performed by in vitro analysis, however, the results have been inconsistent, and the significance of RhoA in bone physiology and pathology is still...

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been associated with difficult experiences and can leave patients with an unpleasant impression. Propofol and midazolam are the most commonly used intravenous anesthetics for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, cardiac and pulmonary adverse events are the primary concerns associated with the use of these sedatives. Remimazolam tosylate is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine drug with a mild inhibitory effect on the respiratory and circulatory systems. These properties qualify remimazolam tosylate to be...

Additional file 2. Supplementary Tables.

Abstract Background The mother–child inheritance of DNA methylation (DNAm) variations could contribute to the inheritance of disease susceptibility across generations. However, no study has investigated patterns of mother–child associations in DNAm at the genome-wide scale. It remains unknown whether there are sex differences in mother–child DNAm associations. Results Using genome-wide DNAm profiling data (721,331 DNAm sites, including 704,552 on autosomes and 16,779 on the X chromosome) of 396 mother–newborn pairs (54.5% male) from the Boston...

Additional file 4: Figure 3.Representative DEGs of state 17 were shown.

Additional file 5: Figure 4. Depletion of AMsby clodronate liposomes treatment and neutralization of CCL6 by anti-CCL6treatment.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Correlation of clinico-pathological characteristics with average HER2 signals, average CEP17 signals and ratio of HER2/CEP17 of ASCO/CAP group 2. Supplementary Table 2. Kaplan–Meier analyses of 81 ASCO/CAP Group 2 primary breast cancers without neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery. Supplementary Table 3. Correlation between anti-HER2 therapy and disease progression and survival of ASCO/CAP Group 2.

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Trend of AMI and stroke incidence to mortality rate ratio in Tianjin, Age ≥ 35. Red line, mortality rate; Blue line, incidence rate; Black solid line, incidence to mortality rate ratio (smoothed).

Additional file 2: Figure S1. GO enrichment of the differentially expressed proteins in different treatment comparisons of cadmium-treated Rhizoma Polygonati.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Absorbance and concentration of the protein samples extracted from Cadmium treated Rhizoma Polygonati. Supplementary Table 2. List of differentially expressed proteins in cadmium treated Rhizoma Polygonati.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The difference analysis between the training set and testing set

Abstract Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) triggered by autoimmune mechanisms. Microglia are activated and play a pivotal role in response to tissue injury. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed by microglia and promotes microglial activation, survival and phagocytosis. Here, we identify a critical role for TREM2 in microglial activation and function during AQP4-IgG and complement-induced demyelination. TREM2-deficient mice had more...

Abstract Purpose We investigated the association between albuminuria and hypertensive retinopathy (HR) in hypertensive adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. We enrolled 2,964 hypertensive adults in this study. Keith-Wagener-Barker stages was used to assess HR. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated to evaluate albuminuria. Results HR was found in 76.6% (n = 2, 271) of the participants, albuminuria was found in...

Abstract Background AMI and stroke are the leading causes of premature mortality and hospitalizations in China. Incidence data at the population level for the two diseases is limited and the reliability and completeness of the existing incidence registry have not been investigated. We aim to assess if the completeness of case ascertainment of AMI and stroke incidence has improved since the implementation of electronic reporting and to estimate the incidence of AMI and stroke in...

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. (A-G) Gene expression associated with the drought tolerance pathway. (H,I) Interactions between IPA1 and the promoter fragments of OsNAC10 and OsNAC52, shown with yeast one-hybrid assays. Data are means ± se (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Fig. S2. Gene expression analysis of IPA1 in WT and OE lines. Data are means ± se (n = 3). Statistical...