This data set includes soil chemical, physical and microbial properties collected across a two-century glacial chronosequence across six streams in Glacier Bay, Southeast Alaska, U.S.A. We measured soil potential nitrification, denitrification, as well as stable isotopes (delta-15N and delta-13C) of leaves and soil to establish how physical and biological changes associated with ecosystem development interact to determine rates of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover. Secondly, how these interactions were reflected in the isotopic signature...

When females mate with multiple partners in a reproductive cycle, the relative number of competing sperm from rival males is often the most critical factor in determining paternity. Gamete production is directly related to testis size in most species, and is associated with both mating behavior and perceived risk of competition. Deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, are naturally promiscuous and males invest significantly more in sperm production than males of P. polionotus, their monogamous sister‐species. Here,...

Humans engagement in music rests on underlying elements such as the listeners’ cultural background and interest in music. These factors modulate how listeners anticipate musical events, a process inducing instantaneous neural responses as the music confronts these expectations. Measuring such neural correlates would represent a direct window into high-level brain processing. Here we recorded cortical signals as participants listened to Bach melodies. We assessed the relative contributions of acoustic versus melodic components of the music...

The Open Access (OA) movement continues to gain traction. The recent breakdown of negotiations between Elsevier and the University of California system has brought renewed attention to OA issues to academic faculty, students, librarians, administrators, and governance bodies. The library is a natural hub for OA activities within the academy, and librarians can serve as advocates, facilitators, and agents for OA. The OA movement began with a focus on journals, articles, and similar vehicles for...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Development of animal models that recapitulate important aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical for the evaluation of vaccines and antivirals, and understanding disease pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same entry receptor as SARS-CoV-1, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) [1–3]. Due to amino acid differences between murine and hACE2, inbred mouse strains fail to...

Biofilm-associated polymicrobial infections tend to be challenging to treat. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are leading pathogens due to their ability to form biofilms on medical devices. However, the therapeutic implications of their interactions in a host is largely unexplored. In this study, we used a mouse subcutaneous catheter model for in vivo-grown polymicrobial biofilms to validate our in vitro findings on C. albicans-mediated enhanced S. aureus tolerance to vancomycin in vivo. Comparative assessment of...

Recent evidence suggests that groups of cells are more likely to form clinically dangerous metastatic tumors, emphasizing the importance of understanding mechanisms underlying collective behavior. The emergent collective behavior of migrating cell sheets in vitro has been shown to be disrupted in tumorigenic cells but the connection between this behavior and in vivo tumorigenicity remains unclear. We use particle image velocimetry to measure a multidimensional migration phenotype for genetically defined human breast epithelial cell lines...

Objective: Considerable gaps exist in knowledge regarding the prevalence of neurologic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in the United States. Therefore, the MS Prevalence Working Group sought to review and evaluate alternative methods for obtaining a scientifically valid estimate of national MS prevalence in the current health care era. Methods: We carried out a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis for 3 approaches to estimate MS prevalence: population-based MS registries, national probability health...

Determining the processes that drive the evolution of pathogen host range can inform our understanding of disease dynamics and the potential for host-shifts. In natural populations, patterns of host range could be driven by genetically based differences in pathogen infectivity or ecological differences in host availability. In northwestern Italy, four reproductively isolated lineages of the fungal plant-pathogen Microbotryum have been shown to co-occur on several species in the genus Dianthus. We carried out cross-inoculation experiments...

Recent evidence suggests that groups of cells are more likely to form clinically dangerous metastatic tumors, emphasizing the importance of understanding mechanisms underlying collective behavior. The emergent collective behavior of migrating cell sheets in vitro has been shown to be disrupted in tumorigenic cells but the connection between this behavior and in vivo tumorigenicity remains unclear. We use particle image velocimetry to measure a multidimensional migration phenotype for genetically defined human breast epithelial cell lines...

No abstract available

Mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses cause widespread disease across the world. To provide better molecular tools for drug screens and pathogenesis studies, we report a new approach to produce stable NanoLuc-tagged flaviviruses, including dengue virus serotypes 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. Since the reporter gene is often engineered at the capsid gene region, the capsid sequence must be duplicated to flank the reporter gene; such capsid duplication is essential for...

Partition functions are ubiquitous in physics: they are important in determining the thermodynamic properties of many-body systems, and in understanding their phase transitions. As shown by Lee and Yang, analytically continuing the partition function to the complex plane allows us to obtain its zeros and thus the entire function. Moreover, the scaling and nature of these zeros can elucidate phase transitions. Here we show how to find partition function zeros on noisy intermediate-scale trapped ion...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study explored the role of lncRNA LINC01194, which is upregulated in HCC tissues and might be a vital regulator in HCC progression. Levels of LINC01194, microRNA (miR)-655-3p, and SMAD family member 5 (SMAD5) were assessed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The bioactivity of Huh-7 cells was assessed using cell counting kit-8 and transwell assays and flow cytometry. Western...

SOCS3 is low-expressed in breast cancer and may be a potential target. Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) improved the efficiency of gene transfection. We explored the effects of UTMD-mediated transfection of SOCS3 on the biological characteristics and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The expression of SOCS3 in breast cancer (BC) and its association with prognosis were evaluated by GEPIA and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) websites. BCSCs were sorted by flow...

The availability of electronic health record (EHR)-linked biobank data for research presents opportunities to better understand complex ocular diseases. Developing accurate computable phenotypes for ocular diseases for which gold standard diagnosis includes imaging remains inaccessible in most biobank-linked EHRs. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a computable phenotype to identify primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) through accessing the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS) and Million Veteran Program...

Resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of APL who sharing clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypic features with typical APL, but lacking evidence of PML-RARA fusion gene and usually insensitive to arsenic trioxide (ATO) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). For years, RARA, RARB and RARG rearrangement were found in resembling APL continually. The confirmed partner genes of RARG rearrangement included CPSF6, NUP98, NPM1, PML, and HNRNPC. These patients were a group of resembling APL...

Additional file 14. Functional enrichment of genes differentially expressed in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), the nucleus accumbens (NAc), or the lateral septum (LS). For each pairwise comparison, the functional enrichments in gene ontologies of the biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) categories as well as in pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were tested for the differentially expressed genes up- or down-regulated (UP, and DOWN, respectively)....

Additional file 15. Functional enrichment of overlapping and distinct sets of differentially expressed genes in the medial preoptic area (MPOA). In (A), the number of differentially expressed genes overlapping or distinct between all sets of sexually biased comparisons in the MPOA is depicted. For each set, the functional enrichments in gene ontologies of the biological processes (B), cellular components (C), and molecular functions (D) categories are displayed. ***p < 0.001, hypergeometric test for overlaps between...

Additional file 16. Representation of the number of genes differentially expressed in the medial preoptic area (MPOA, top), nucleus accumbens (NAc, middle), and lateral septum (LS, bottom) across all chromosomes and linkage groups in the prairie vole assembly. Only cases with at least one differentially expressed gene are depicted.

Additional file 19. Estimated cell type proportions. The proportions of various cell types were estimated in our dataset using a publicly-available single-cell RNA sequencing dataset. While panel (A) shows the estimated proportions for all genes detected in our study, panels (B) and (C) depict the estimated proportion of the “Astrocytes” and “Neurons” cell types, or only “Neurons”, respectively, in genes differentially expressed in the given structure.

Additional file 21. Number of immediate early genes (IEG) in the genes differentially expressed in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and lateral septum (LS).

Additional file 22. Structure-specific associations of gene coexpression modules with parental behaviors. The correlation of each co-expression module from the weighted gene coexpression network analysis with behavioral traits (behaviors scored during parental behavior test and phenotype status) is depicted for each structure. The correlation value is detailed alongside its corresponding p-value in parentheses. Note that within each structure, only modules with at least one significant association are depicted. MPOA: medial preoptic area, NAc: nucleus accumbens,...

Additional file 23. Functional enrichment for modules and groups of modules derived from the weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA). For each pairwise group of modules, the functional enrichments in gene ontologies (GO) of the biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) categories as well as in pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).

Additional file 23. Functional enrichment for modules and groups of modules derived from the weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA). For each pairwise group of modules, the functional enrichments in gene ontologies (GO) of the biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) categories as well as in pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).