pp. 130-139 Within the space of no more than a few years in the 1850s, three essays with similar transatlantic features, all written by literary authors, are published in the Hispanic world. Each of them is dedicated to portray a national literature and its greatest representants: besides José Zorrilla and his well-known essay México y los mexicanos, Álvares de Azevedo portrays from São Paulo the highlights of Portugal’s literature, and Juan Valera introduces Brazilian literature...

Complex cognition relies on flexible working memory, which is severely limited in its capacity. The neuronal computations underlying these capacity limits have been extensively studied in humans and in monkeys, resulting in competing theoretical models. We probed the working memory capacity of crows (Corvus corone) in a change detection task, developed for monkeys (Macaca mulatta), while we performed extracellular recordings of the prefrontal-like area nidopallium caudolaterale. We found that neuronal encoding and maintenance of information...

This Hoe Working Paper offers an overview of the functionalities of the websites of the HOE project, especially of the meta-data collection itself. It also provides a user guide for those who what to contribute data to the meta-data collection.

Seismologist noticed are worsening of station quality after the installation of wind turbines (WTs) close to seismological stations. Since WTs and seismological stations are installed mostly in areas with low population density, both are looking for solutions to diminish this conflict. For this, we tested different denoising techniques at affected seismological stations to reduce or to eliminate the disturbing WT signal from the seismological data. Usually, spectral filtering is used to suppress noise in seismic...

Src tyrosine kinases and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) have recently been shown to contribute to sustained platelet aggregation on collagen under arterial shear. In the present study, we have investigated whether Src and Syk are required for aggregation under minimal shear following activation of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and have extended this to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) which signals through the same pathway. Aggregation was induced by the GPVI ligand collagen-related peptide (CRP) and the CLEC-2...

Individual responses to behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders vary considerably, which requires a better understanding of underlying processes. In this study, we examined the violation and change of threat beliefs during exposure. From 8,484 standardized exposure records of 605 patients with different anxiety disorders, learning indicators were derived: expectancy violation as mismatch between threat expectancy before exposure and threat occurrence, expectancy change as difference between original and adjusted expectancy after exposure, and prediction-error learning rate...

Individual responses to behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders vary considerably, which requires a better understanding of underlying processes. In this study, we examined the violation and change of threat beliefs during exposure. From 8,484 standardized exposure records of 605 patients with different anxiety disorders, learning indicators were derived: expectancy violation as mismatch between threat expectancy before exposure and threat occurrence, expectancy change as difference between original and adjusted expectancy after exposure, and prediction-error learning rate...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026221101379 for Change of Threat Expectancy as Mechanism of Exposure-Based Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: Evidence From 8,484 Exposure Exercises of 605 Patients by Andre Pittig, Ingmar Heinig, Stephan Goerigk, Jan Richter, Maike Hollandt, Ulrike Lueken, Paul Pauli, Jürgen Deckert, Tilo Kircher, Benjamin Straube, Peter Neudeck, Katja Koelkebeck, Udo Dannlowski, Volker Arolt, Thomas Fydrich, Lydia Fehm, Andreas Ströhle, Christina Totzeck, Jürgen Margraf, Silvia Schneider, Jürgen Hoyer, Winfried Rief, Michelle G. Craske, Alfons O. Hamm...

Modern carbonate systems such as reefs provide livelihood and ecosystem services, such as coastal protection and food security, for hundreds of millions of people. Fossil carbonate systems are important archives of environmental change and form a valuable resource for renewable energy exploration and exploitation such as geothermal heat but also for CO2 sequestration. Over the past decades, our understanding of carbonate systems has improved by the combination of traditional fieldwork with new techniques such as...

Tennis match performance is often evaluated by a player's internal (heart rate) and external (match analytics) outcomes. Numerous factors could influence these outcomes, including the time of day, which may be advantageous or not depending on a player's chronotype. This study aimed to determine the influence time of day, chronotype and sleep–wake behaviour (SWB) had on internal and external outcomes of tennis matches. Twelve state-level male tennis players, with a mean age of 28 ±...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-whe-10.1177_17455057221141292 for Social media use, mental health, and suicide-related outcomes in Russian women: A cross-sectional comparison between two age groups by Julia Brailovskaia, Yulia Krasavtseva, Yakov Kochetkov, Polina Tour and Jürgen Margraf in Women’s Health

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often report intrusive memories that appear to lack the appropriate spatio-temporal context. We examined whether focusing on the spatio-temporal context of aversive autobiographical memories reduces negative emotions, appraisals, and re-experiencing symptoms. We recruited 109 healthy adults and had them rate emotionality, vividness, and re-experiencing of an aversive autobiographical memory. Furthermore, we assessed automatic associations of idiosyncratic memory triggers with the concepts ‘past’ vs. ‘now’, and self-reported sense of memory...

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with altered brain anatomy. These neuroanatomical changes might be more pronounced in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are more prevalent in individuals with a history of CT. Objective: In this study, we examined limbic and total brain volumes in healthy women with and without a history of CT and in females with PTSD or BPD and a history of CT...

Background:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has tremendous implications for the management of patients with autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) under immune therapies targeting CD20+ B cells (aCD20).Objectives:Here, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses, including anti-spike titers, neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT), delta, and omicron variant and T cell responses of aCD20-treated relapsing–remitting MS patients following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared with healthy controls.Methods:Blood samples were collected within 4–8 weeks following...

Based on data derived from computed tomography, we demonstrate that integrating 2D and 3D morphological data from ammonoid shells represents an important new approach for investigating the palaeobiology of ammonoids. Characterization of ammonite morphology has long been constrained to 2D data, with only a few studies collecting ontogenetic data in 180° steps. Here we combine this traditional approach with 3D data collected from high-resolution nano-computed tomography. Ontogenetic morphological data on the hollow shell of a...

Elucidation of the structural basis of pharmacological differences for highly homologous α7 and α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may shed light on their involvement in different physiological functions and diseases. Combination of site-directed mutagenesis and electrophysiology is a powerful tool to pinpoint the key amino-acid residues in the receptor ligand-binding site, but for α7 and α9 nAChRs it is complicated by their poor expression and fast desensitization. Here, we probed the ligand-binding properties of α7/α9...

pp. 8-16

The temporal evolution of second and subsequent waves of the Covid-19 pandemic is investigated. Analytic expressions for the peak time and asymptotic behaviors, early doubling time, late half decay time, and a half-early peak law, characterizing the dynamical evolution of number of cases and fatalities are derived, where the pandemic evolution exhibiting multiple waves is described by the semi-time SIR model. The asymmetry of the epidemic wave and its exponential tail are affected by the...

Deutschland steht vor einer akuten Phase des demografischen Alterungsprozesses, durch die die aktuell aufgrund der wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie bereits stark belasteten öffentlichen Finanzen weiter unter Druck geraten. So zeigen sich nach einem zuvor längerfristigen Trend zur Senkung der Schuldenstandsquote Rekordstände bei der Kreditaufnahme des Bundes zur Bekämpfung der Pandemie. Verschärfend kommt jetzt hinzu: Ab sofort – und bis etwa 2035 zunehmend beschleunigt – schlagen die Effekte der demografischen Alterung auf die öffentlichen Finanzen durch....

Die gemeinsame Mahlzeit symbolisiert viel mehr als das Teilen und Verzehren von Lebensmitteln. Aufgrund seines rituellen Charakters hat jedes gemeinschaftliche Mahl eine tiefe Bedeutung, die verinnerlicht und in die Körper der Teilnehmer:innen aufgenommen wird. Doch was passiert, wenn gemeinsame Mahlzeiten nicht mehr möglich sind? Dieser Frage wird anhand von zwei Beispielen nachgegangen. In einem ersten Teil werden antike jüdische Texte beleuchtet, in denen das Mahl in der Kommenden Welt alle tatsächlich erlebten sozialen und religiösen...

Climate warming is predicted to affect temperate forests severely, but the response of fine roots, key to plant nutrition, water uptake, soil carbon and nutrient cycling is unclear. Understanding how fine roots will respond to increasing temperature is a prerequisite for predicting the functioning of forests in a warmer climate. We studied the response of fine roots and their ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal and root-associated bacterial communities to soil warming by 4 °C in a mixed...

This data is based on ISIMIP2a varsoc simulations for 1901-2005, and on RCP6.0 simulations from the Water Futures and Solutions project (Wada et al., 2016) for after 2005. Years before 1901 have been filled with the value for the year 1901.

The identification of contamination sources is vital for water protection, especially in highly vulnerable karst aquifers. Contamination sources might be distinguished by host-specific DNA markers of bacteria (Microbial Source Tracking, MST) or source-specific indicator compounds (Chemical Source Tracking, CST). These methods can help to identify a type of contamination source but fail to distinguish similar contaminant signals from different origins, e.g. multiple points of wastewater infiltration. Transport modelling can reduce these ambiguities by considering the...