Natural history collections are leading successful large-scale projects of specimen digitization (images, metadata, DNA barcodes), transforming taxonomy into a big data science. Yet, little effort has been directed towards safeguarding and subsequently mobilizing the considerable amount of original data generated during the process of naming 15–20,000 species every year. From the perspective of alpha-taxonomists, we provide a review of the properties and diversity of taxonomic data, assess their volume and use, and establish criteria for...

The systematics of ammonoids are complicated by their large degree of intra-specific variation, which complicates a stable validation of species. Aegocrioceras is a heteromorph ammonite from the Lower Saxony Basin in the Hauterivian Boreal, and a prime example of a genus with an unstable internal systematic and external relationship to other ammonoids. Here, we use quantitative morphometrics on Aegocrioceras species from an assemblage collected in the clay pit Resse (north-west Germany) to evaluate the systematics...

Climate change causes increased tree mortality leading to canopy loss and thus sun-exposed forest floors. Sun exposure creates extreme temperatures and radiation, with potentially more drastic effects on forest organisms than the current increase in mean temperature. Such conditions might potentially negatively affect the maturation of mushrooms of forest fungi. A failure of reaching maturation would mean no sexual spore release and, thus, entail a loss of genetic diversity. However, we currently have a limited...

Kapitel im Online Lehrbuch der Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie

Die Alterung der Gesellschaft setzt die öffentlichen Finanzen enorm unter Druck und zieht steigende Sozialversicherungsbeiträge nach sich, die jüngeren und zukünftigen Generationen erhebliche finanzielle Belastungen aufbürden. Dieser Policy Brief fasst die zentralen Ergebnisse unserer Studie „Demografische Alterung und öffentliche Finanzen. Wie geht es nach der Covid-19-Krise weiter?“ kompakt zusammen und zeigt, welche politischen Weichenstellungen notwendig sind, um die ökonomischen Kosten der demografischen Alterung zu dämpfen.

229 pages.

pp. 130-139 Within the space of no more than a few years in the 1850s, three essays with similar transatlantic features, all written by literary authors, are published in the Hispanic world. Each of them is dedicated to portray a national literature and its greatest representants: besides José Zorrilla and his well-known essay México y los mexicanos, Álvares de Azevedo portrays from São Paulo the highlights of Portugal’s literature, and Juan Valera introduces Brazilian literature...

Complex cognition relies on flexible working memory, which is severely limited in its capacity. The neuronal computations underlying these capacity limits have been extensively studied in humans and in monkeys, resulting in competing theoretical models. We probed the working memory capacity of crows (Corvus corone) in a change detection task, developed for monkeys (Macaca mulatta), while we performed extracellular recordings of the prefrontal-like area nidopallium caudolaterale. We found that neuronal encoding and maintenance of information...

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often report intrusive memories that appear to lack the appropriate spatio-temporal context. We examined whether focusing on the spatio-temporal context of aversive autobiographical memories reduces negative emotions, appraisals, and re-experiencing symptoms. We recruited 109 healthy adults and had them rate emotionality, vividness, and re-experiencing of an aversive autobiographical memory. Furthermore, we assessed automatic associations of idiosyncratic memory triggers with the concepts ‘past’ vs. ‘now’, and self-reported sense of memory...

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with altered brain anatomy. These neuroanatomical changes might be more pronounced in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are more prevalent in individuals with a history of CT. Objective: In this study, we examined limbic and total brain volumes in healthy women with and without a history of CT and in females with PTSD or BPD and a history of CT...

pp. 8-16

The temporal evolution of second and subsequent waves of the Covid-19 pandemic is investigated. Analytic expressions for the peak time and asymptotic behaviors, early doubling time, late half decay time, and a half-early peak law, characterizing the dynamical evolution of number of cases and fatalities are derived, where the pandemic evolution exhibiting multiple waves is described by the semi-time SIR model. The asymmetry of the epidemic wave and its exponential tail are affected by the...

Deutschland steht vor einer akuten Phase des demografischen Alterungsprozesses, durch die die aktuell aufgrund der wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie bereits stark belasteten öffentlichen Finanzen weiter unter Druck geraten. So zeigen sich nach einem zuvor längerfristigen Trend zur Senkung der Schuldenstandsquote Rekordstände bei der Kreditaufnahme des Bundes zur Bekämpfung der Pandemie. Verschärfend kommt jetzt hinzu: Ab sofort – und bis etwa 2035 zunehmend beschleunigt – schlagen die Effekte der demografischen Alterung auf die öffentlichen Finanzen durch....

Die gemeinsame Mahlzeit symbolisiert viel mehr als das Teilen und Verzehren von Lebensmitteln. Aufgrund seines rituellen Charakters hat jedes gemeinschaftliche Mahl eine tiefe Bedeutung, die verinnerlicht und in die Körper der Teilnehmer:innen aufgenommen wird. Doch was passiert, wenn gemeinsame Mahlzeiten nicht mehr möglich sind? Dieser Frage wird anhand von zwei Beispielen nachgegangen. In einem ersten Teil werden antike jüdische Texte beleuchtet, in denen das Mahl in der Kommenden Welt alle tatsächlich erlebten sozialen und religiösen...

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often report intrusive memories that appear to lack the appropriate spatio-temporal context. We examined whether focusing on the spatio-temporal context of aversive autobiographical memories reduces negative emotions, appraisals, and re-experiencing symptoms. We recruited 109 healthy adults and had them rate emotionality, vividness, and re-experiencing of an aversive autobiographical memory. Furthermore, we assessed automatic associations of idiosyncratic memory triggers with the concepts ‘past’ vs. ‘now’, and self-reported sense of memory...

It has been demonstrated that urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and calprotectin are helpful biomarkers in the differentiation of intrinsic and prerenal acute kidney injury. The present cross-sectional study investigates, whether urinary biomarkers are able to differentiate primarily inflammatory from non-inflammatory entities in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Urinary calprotectin, NGAL, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) concentrations were assessed in a study population of 143 patients with stable CKD and 29 healthy controls. Stable renal function...

It has been demonstrated that urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and calprotectin are helpful biomarkers in the differentiation of intrinsic and prerenal acute kidney injury. The present cross-sectional study investigates, whether urinary biomarkers are able to differentiate primarily inflammatory from non-inflammatory entities in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Urinary calprotectin, NGAL, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) concentrations were assessed in a study population of 143 patients with stable CKD and 29 healthy controls. Stable renal function...

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with altered brain anatomy. These neuroanatomical changes might be more pronounced in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are more prevalent in individuals with a history of CT. Objective: In this study, we examined limbic and total brain volumes in healthy women with and without a history of CT and in females with PTSD or BPD and a history of CT...

Der vorliegende Artikel möchte ein Verfahren zur (teil-)automatisierten Analyse der Multimodalität von Webseiten vorstellen und diskutieren. Dabei steht im Fokus, unbekannte Webseiten auf deren Multimodalität hin zu untersuchen, ohne dass diese vorher annotiert oder sonst anderweitig in Bezug auf ihre Multimodalität analysiert worden wären. Zusätzlich zur Etablierung eines (teil-)automatisierten Verfahrens möchte dieser Artikel die Frage diskutieren, inwiefern die Klassifizierung der Multimodalität von Webseiten im Zusammenhang mit den gesellschaftlichen Domänen steht, aus denen die Webseiten stammen...