Additional file 2. Questionnaire for the main Malawi Demographic and Health Survey.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of the Intergrowth-21 and STOPPAM standard charts. Table S2. Quality of studies using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 tool (ROB-2) for randomized trials. Table S3. Risk of Bias assessment by Newcastle scale for cohort studies. Table S4. Prevalence of small for gestational age by gestational age and birthweight. Table S5. Prevalence of small for gestational age when applying the inclusion criteria for each reference chart. Table S6. Sensitivity analysis...

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Association between small for gestational age (SGA) and malaria in pregnancy excluding all HIV seropositive women. Panels A and B shows the unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) for SGA when using STOPPAM (SGASTOPPAM) and Intergrowth-21 (SGAIG21) references. Panels C and D shows the adjusted odds ratio (aOR).

Additional file 6: Figure S5. Funnel plots for meta-analysis. The closed dots indicate the observed studies, panel A indicate the trim and fill funnel plot for STOPPAM (P = 0.10) and panel B for Intergrowth-21 reference (P = 0.35). The contour enhanced funnel plot for STOPPAM (panel C) and Intergrowth-21 (panel D) show the distribution of studies in both the small and large p-values contours, hence no publication bias.

Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN), characterized by an elevation of blood pressure, is a serious public health chronic condition that significantly raises the risks of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. In South Africa, the prevalence of HTN (measured objectively) was reported at 46.0% in females, nonetheless little is known regarding the prevalence and risks factors of self-reported HTN among the same population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine determinants of self-reported HTN...

Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN), characterized by an elevation of blood pressure, is a serious public health chronic condition that significantly raises the risks of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. In South Africa, the prevalence of HTN (measured objectively) was reported at 46.0% in females, nonetheless little is known regarding the prevalence and risks factors of self-reported HTN among the same population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine determinants of self-reported HTN...