The ultra-slow spreading South West Indian Ridge (SWIR) near Marion Rise comprises segments of thin crust and abundant abyssal peridotites exposed near the ridge axis. Zhou and Dick (2013) proposed that buoyant depleted mantle beneath the SWIR may represent Proterozoic melting residues recycled from Gondwana lithosphere, resulting in excess buoyancy at Marion Rise. In order to test this hypothesis, serpentinized harzburgites, dunites and scarce lherzolites were dredged and sampled by remotely operated vehicle along SWIR...

Magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits form our largest resources of Cu, Mo, Sn and W and are formed by fluids released from magmatic intrusions into a hydrothermal system within the country rock. The potential to form world-class deposits critically depends on cross-boundary fluid fluxes at this magmatic-hydrothermal interface, which is one of the key unknowns in our current understanding of these deposits. Capturing the dynamics of these interface processes with numerical models requires to resolve mass and...

The lithium isotope composition (δ7Li) of ancient seawater is a fundamental proxy for the reconstruction of past conditions on Earth. At any given time, seawater δ7Li depends on the magnitude and isotope composition of the major input and output fluxes, which themselves result from interactions between climate, Earth surface processes and tectonics. Characterizing lithium fluxes during modern times and past eras can thus help determining Earth surface response to environmental changes. Despite a general consensus...

Heat transfer through the upper crust is primarily controlled by magma flow, heat conduction and hydrothermal fluid flow. The interplay between magma and fluid flow processes is essential for geothermal systems, ore formation and volcanic processes, but is not well constrained due to a lack of accessibility. We developed a coupled numerical model that can resolve both magma and hydrothermal flow to quantify the influence of magma convection and rock permeability on heat transfer. The...

Während der Ausstieg aus der Nutzung der Kernenergie in Deutschland für April 2023 vorgesehen ist, bleibt die Entsorgung des hochradioaktiven Materials eine langfristige Aufgabe, die auch zukünftige Generationen betreffen wird. Mit dem Standortauswahlgesetz (StandAG) gibt der Gesetzgeber die Rahmenbedingungen für das derzeit laufende Verfahren zur Standortauswahl für ein tiefengeologisches Lager in Deutschland vor. Ziel des Verfahrens ist es, für einen Zeitraum von einer Million Jahre bestmögliche Sicherheit zu gewährleisten. Der Zeithorizont bis zu einem Verschluss...

Se descubre un misterioso crimen en un almacén. Muchas rocas han sido asesinadas. El detective Hércule Poirot emprende la investigación del caso. Para ello, contrata a un grupo de geo-científicos internacionales que buscan a los "culpables" en una campaña de perforación en los espectaculares paisajes de Chile. Los científicos encuentran pruebas del crimen en laboratorios de investigación y presentan una sorprendente solución al caso de asesinato. Esta película aborda una pregunta científica: ¿Cómo se convierte...

Living organisms can also weather rocks. There are microorganisms in deep rock – in the "deep biosphere". With flowing water, the microbes are transported from soil through the fractures to depth. Down there, in complete darkness, the microbes live on water, carbon, and energy. They can oxidise iron in minerals and receive energy in the process. The iron-containing minerals are oxidised, carbon is consumed, and more and more microbes are created. This is how the...

Abstract Background Diatoms are present in all waters and are highly sensitive to pollution gradients. Therefore, they are ideal bioindicators for water quality assessment. Current indices used in these applications are based on identifying diatom species and counting their abundances using traditional light microscopy. Several molecular techniques have been developed to help automate different steps of this process, but obtaining reliable estimates of diatom community composition and species abundance remains challenging. Results Here, we evaluated...

The META-WT project was designed to perform a 4-weeks seismic experiment in Germany with a dense seismic array of ~400 three-component geophones that covered (1) a 2.5km x 2.5km wind farm area in Brandenburg, Germany, with almost 200 wind turbines (WTs) and a well-studied subsurface structure and (2) a 20-km long radial line from the center of the wind farm with one geophone every half-kilometer. The objective was to capture the spatio-temporal seismic wave-field signature...

This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized mineral data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an elevation of ca. 428 m...

This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized radiocarbon and OSL age data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an elevation of...

Supplementary table 2.

Supplementary figure 1.

Supplementary figure 1.

Abstract: The regional assessment of the potential for geothermal heat production, power generation but also heat storage requires an evaluation of the heat in place and its recharge. Both is controlled by the flow proper-ties and natural fluid flow through the reservoir at present day, which must be thoroughly analysed based on the understanding and modelling of the architecture of deep reservoirs. In the Upper Rhine Graben, well known for its vast geothermal potential, the...

Since its formation 4.5 billion years ago our blue planet contains liquid water at its surface. If all water were frozen as on our cold neighbour Mars, or if all water had disappeared into space as on hot Venus there would be no life on Earth. We owe Earth’s habitability to the weathering feedback, balancing volcanic CO2 additions from Earth’s interior by CO2 drawdown through silicate weathering, stabilising the greenhouse effect. The isotope ratios in...

Vivianite is a stable ferrous iron phosphate [FeII3(PO4)2·8H2O] that forms in oxygen-poor, Fe2+- and organic-rich environments. Isomorphic substitution of divalent cations (e.g. Mg and Mn) for Fe(II) in the structure are typical in natural vivianites. However, anion substitution is rare; and in particular, arsenate [AsVO43-] substitution has never been reported for natural vivianites and only partial substitution has been reported for synthetic analogues although parasymplesite [FeII3(AsO4)2·8H2O] exist in natural environments. In this study, we synthesized...

Phengite is the main nitrogen (N) carrier in high-P/T metamorphosed rocks in subduction zones (e.g. Halama et al., 2017; Abdel-Hak et al., 2020). N is incorporated as ammonium (NH4+) substituting for K+. The significant amounts of NH4+ observed in natural phengite from the high-P metasediments of the Dora Maira Massif (Busigny et al., 2003) suggest that N can be retained during subduction and recycled into the deep mantle. Understanding the pathways of N during subduction,...

Rocks exposed in alkaline magmatic complexes and associated rare metal deposits are a product of multistage formation. Petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics suggest that post-magmatic metasomatic mineral reactions triggered by high flux of magmatic volatiles are very common. Release of magmatic fluids and rock permeability are pressure dependent, which may exert a depth control on metasomatic reactions altering intrusion related vertical magmatic zonation along the intrusive conduit. Fenites attest to fluid release to the wall...

The network consists of a vertical borehole array equipped with 3C sensors (geophones) for the analysis of swarm earthquakes in the Western Bohemia / Vogtland area located in the German/Czech border region. A surface array is completing the 3D observation of the wave field with 3C sensors (geophones). Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6A, and is embargoed until FEB 2035.

Supplementary table 2.

This data set is part of a larger data harmonization effort to make lake sediment core data machine readable and comparable. Here we standardized X-ray fluorescence line scanning (XRF)-based element data of sediment core EN18208, retrieved in 2018 from Lake Ilirney (Chukotka, Russia) at 10.76 m water depth. The glacial lake Ilirney is situated in the forest tundra mountain area and has one outflow, one main inflow and several smaller inflows. It lies at an...

To share best practices and to foster the research data management (RDM) community within Helmholtz, the Helmholtz Open Science Office hosted its first "Helmholtz Open Science Practice Forum Research Data Management" virtually in February 2022. A follow-up event on October 20, 2022 has taken up and continued this theme. The following aspects were highlighted through presentations with ample time for discussion in the forum: - Thinking and linking data, text, and research software together -...

The classical way to model the stress state in a rock volume is to estimate displacement boundary conditions that minimize the deviation of the modelled stress state with respect to model-independent stress information such as stress magnitude data. However, these data records are usually subject to significant uncertainties and measurement errors. Hence, it has to be expected that not all stress magnitude data records are representative and can be used in a model. In order...