Additional file 1. Table S1. Search strategy in MEDLINE. Table S2. Critical appraisal results of included quasi-experimental studies (quantitative studies). Table S3. Critical appraisal results of included randomized controlled trial (quantitative study). Table S4. Critical appraisal results of included qualitative studies and mixed methods study (qualitative component).

Additional file 3. Table S1. Comparison of the identified barriers and facilitators between low/middle- and high-income countries. Table S2. Comparison of the identified barriers and facilitators between male and female youth

Background: Rape is a common traumatic event which may result in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet few studies have investigated risk biomarkers in sexually traumatised individuals. Adiponectin is a novel cytokine within inflammatory and cardiometabolic pathways with evidence of involvement in PTSD. Objective: This prospective exploratory study in a sample of female rape survivors investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS)...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a maternal metabolic disorder that perturbs placental development and increases the risk of offspring short- and long-term metabolic disorders. The mechanisms by which GDM impairs placental development remain poorly understood. Here, we defined the DNA methylome of GDM placentas and determined whether GDM perturbs methylation at genes important for placental development. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study of 42 placentas from pregnancies in the South African Soweto First 1000 days...

Abstract Background Failure to consider relevant cultural, ethnic and diversity parameters (and the intersection between these parameters) during trial protocol development and trial conduct may negatively impact recruitment, intervention development and delivery, and participant adherence and retention, potentially reducing overall internal validity. This case study aimed to evaluate the utility and comparability between the 9-item Gibbs Framework to measure cultural competency and the GRIPP-2(Short Form (SF)) 5-point checklist to assess patient and public involvement in...

Additional file 3. ICT observation checklist.

Additional file 3. ICT observation checklist.

Abstract Background Good health decisions depend on one’s ability to think critically about health claims and make informed health choices. Young people can learn these skills through school-based interventions, but learning resources need to be low-cost and built around lessons that can fit into existing curricula. As a first step to developing and evaluating digital learning resources that are feasible to use in Kenyan secondary schools, we conducted a context analysis to explore interest in...

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) has been repeatedly shown to have socioeconomic impacts in both individual-level and ecological studies; however, much less is known about this effect among children and adolescents and the extent to which being affected by TB during childhood and adolescence can have life-course implications. This paper describes the results of the development of a conceptual framework and scoping review to review the evidence on the short- and long-term socioeconomic impact of tuberculosis...

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1. Full names of codes used for districts.

Abstract Background PrEP literacy is influenced by many factors including the types of information available and how it is interpreted. The level of PrEP literacy may influence acceptability and uptake. Methods We conducted 25 in-depth interviews in a HIV vaccine trial preparedness cohort study. We explored what participants knew about PrEP, sources of PrEP knowledge and how much they know about PrEP. We used the framework approach to generate themes for analysis guided by the...

The Burden of Disease Research Unit (BODRU) of the South African Medical Research Council has developed a standardised risk-of-bias tool that can be used for cross-sectional (including population-based surveys) studies, case-control studies, cohort studies and surveillance. A risk-of-bias score (0-20) can be obtained based on a set of defined criteria to assess the external and internal validity of a study. This tool can be applied to assess the risk-of-bias of observational studies and guide the...

Additional file 1. Table S1. Search strategy in MEDLINE. Table S2. Critical appraisal results of included quasi-experimental studies (quantitative studies). Table S3. Critical appraisal results of included randomized controlled trial (quantitative study). Table S4. Critical appraisal results of included qualitative studies and mixed methods study (qualitative component).

Additional file 2. Additional tables.

Abstract Background Good health decisions depend on one’s ability to think critically about health claims and make informed health choices. Young people can learn these skills through school-based interventions, but learning resources need to be low-cost and built around lessons that can fit into existing curricula. As a first step to developing and evaluating digital learning resources that are feasible to use in Kenyan secondary schools, we conducted a context analysis to explore interest in...

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 3. Heatwave characteristics for period 2020 – 2039 using data simulated from RCP 4.5 projections.

Additional file 1. Detailed study methodology.

Abstract Background Adolescents who have acquired HIV perinatally (ALHIV) face unique challenges in taking lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART), but little is known about what factors affect their adherence over the course of their lifelong treatment journey. Methods We conducted a qualitative study with ALHIV who had periods of poor adherence to ART in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa using Participant-generated Visual Methodologies (PVM). Participants used photography to represent their perspectives and experiences. Results 14 individuals participated in...

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Search strategy.

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table S3. Comparison between the Gibbs Framework and the GRIPP-2(SF).

When profiling blood samples by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA from haemoglobin (Hgb) can account for up to 70% of the transcriptome. Due to considerations of sequencing depth and power to detect biological variation, Hgb RNA is typically depleted prior to sequencing by hybridisation-based methods; an alternative approach is to deplete reads arising from Hgb RNA bioinformatically. In the present study, we compared the impact of these two approaches on the outcome of differential gene expression analysis...