### Astrometric Surveys: from photographic plates to CCDs

N. Zacharias
A review is given about astrometric, ground-based surveys including plate measure machines and CCD techniques. The Astrographic Catalogue project of around 1900 was the first of its kind, followed by AGK2, AGK3, Palomar and other Schmidt plate surveys and modern astrographs dedicated for astrometry (Hamburg, USNO). The full potential of those surveys could only recently be realized using accurate plate measure machines (PDS, NOFS, StarScan, DAMIAN). The UCAC project was the first all-sky astrometric survey...

### False-positives detection with convolutional neural networks

G. Matijevic
Digital scans of photographic plates are more complicated to handle in comparison to the CCD frames. Due to their fragile nature and age they are subject to several effects that act as a source of false-positive detections. Among these effects are surface dust speckles, scratches, emulsion damage, and writing traces. Besides those the optical systems used to acquire the images come with their share of aberrations which make the removal of false-positives harder. The APPLAUSE...

### Large Surveys with Small Telecsopes: Abstracts of the Conference Talks and Posters

U. Heber (Hrg.)
The booklet contains the submitted abstracts for the conference. Some contributions were not presented in the conference, others were late additions. Each presented contribution, where the authors submitted their slides or poster have been given a separate DOI.

### Gaia: Second Data Release

Gaia Data Processing, Friedrich Anders, Christina Chiappini & Arman Khalatyan
Estimating Distance from Parallaxes. Distances to 1.33 Billion Stars in Gaia Data Release 2. For the vast majority of stars in the second Gaia data release, reliable distances cannot be obtained by inverting the parallax. A correct inference procedure must instead be used to account for the nonlinearity of the transformation and the asymmetry of the resulting probability distribution. Here, we infer distances to essentially all 1.33 billion stars with parallaxes published in the second...

### Photo-astrometric distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for Gaia DR2 stars brighter than G = 18

Friedrich Anders, Christina Chiappini & Arman Khalatyan
Estimating Distance from Parallaxes. Distances to 1.33 Billion Stars in Gaia Data Release 2. For the vast majority of stars in the second Gaia data release, reliable distances cannot be obtained by inverting the parallax. A correct inference procedure must instead be used to account for the nonlinearity of the transformation and the asymmetry of the resulting probability distribution. Here, we infer distances to essentially all 1.33 billion stars with parallaxes published in the second...

### Observatorium Wendelstein – Status, Use and Future Strategy

U. Hopp
We will describe the capabilities of the Observatorium Wendelstein (University of Munich,LMU), mainly of its 2m telescope with its three operational imaging and spectroscopic instruments. We will describe their performances based on a few science examples, partly survey type programs. Finally, we will discuss strategies how to benefit from the Wendelstein Observatory in times of up-coming new major astronomy resources.

### Asteroids monitoring with 1.2m Baldone Schmidt (code 069) telescope

I. Eglitis
CCD observations of the asteroids are obtained with the 0.80/1.20 m, f/3 Baldone Schmidt telescope of the Baldone observatory (code 069) of the Institute of Astronomy of University of Latvia. Now the telescope is equipped with two CCD STX-16803 36 X 36 mm cameras. In the Minor Planet Circulars and the Minor Planet Electronic Circulars we published 3511 astrometric positions of 826 asteroids. Among them, 48 asteroids were newly discovered at Baldone. For 36 of...

### An Occultation Network as a Detector of Distant Solar System Objects

M. Rice
We discuss the feasibility of and present initial designs and cost estimates for a large (N~2000) network of small photometric telescopes that is purpose-built to monitor V15 Gaia Mission program stars for occultations by minor solar system bodies. The implementation of this network would permit measurement of the solar system's tidal gravity field to high precision, thereby revealing the existence of distant trans-Neptunian objects such as the proposed “Planet Nine". As a detailed example of...

### The Evryscope: Science from the First Full-Sky Gigapixel-Scale Telescope

B. Barlow
The Evryscope, built by astronomers at the University of North Carolina, was deployed at CTIO in May 2015 and represents the world's first full-sky gigapixel-scale telescope. With its 24 separate individual telescopes sharing a common mount, the system images an 8000 square degree field of view once every two minutes. The Evryscope has been building 1\%-precision, high-cadence light curves for all accessible objects brighter than 16th magnitude since August 2016 and will continue to do...

### Robotic astronomy with the Las Cumbres Observatory

Y. Tsapras
The Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) is an independent, non-profit foundation dedicated to time-domain astronomical observations at optical wavelengths. To this end, LCO has constructed a homogeneous world-wide network of 21 robotic telescopes, which includes the two 2m Faulkes telescopes, 9$\times$1m telescopes, and 10$\times$40cm telescopes. The telescopes are outfitted for imaging and spectroscopy at wavelengths between the atmospheric UV cutoff and the roughly 1-micron limit of silicon detectors.

### One Million Variable Stars from the OGLE Survey

I. Soszynski
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) began in 1992 and it has now become one of the world's largest optical surveys devoted to searching for variability in the sky. During its long history, the OGLE survey collected about one trillion individual photometric measurements for over two billion stars in the Milky Way and in nearby galaxies. These data has led to many discoveries in various fields of astronomy: gravitational lensing and microlensing, extrasolar planets, structure...

### PyPlate: a software package for processing digitized astronomical photographic plates

T. Tuvikene
Digitizing an archive of photographic plates yields a set of image files and accompanying metadata files. To handle and process these data efficiently, we have developed a Python package PyPlate. PyPlate provides methods to read data from CSV and FITS files, to make calculations with various observation timestamps, to create consistent and easily readable FITS headers, to write plate metadata into a database, to extract sources from plate images, to carry out astrometric and photometric...

### Digitized photographic plate photometry with VaST software

K. Sokolovsky
Photographic emulsion is a non-linear light detector which makes it difficult to perform photometry with digitized plates using conventional software. Inexpensive flatbed scanners (often used to digitize plates) provide image quality acceptable for photometry, but introduce complex image distortions (notably, the hacksaw pattern) that complicate astrometry and source identification. VaST is a photometry package designed from the ground up to handle such images. It relies on SExtractor for source detection/photometry, matches source lists derived from...

### The APPLAUSE archive: Concept, building blocks, features of the APPLAUSE Archive

H. Enke
In this three-part session we (T. Tuvikene, H. Enke) will first present the concept of the archive, describe its building blocks and features. The second part of the session is devoted to the PyPlate software, a Python package developed for handling and processing digitised photographic plates. We will show how it was used for building the APPLAUSE archive and discuss how it can be applied elsewhere. During the hands-on session, the third part, we will...

### Impact of the ASAS-SN survey and the Moscow's photographic plates archive on the nature of the emission line star HBHA 1704-05

A. Skopal
The star HBHA 1704-05 was originally classified as an emission-line star (Kohoutek and Wehmeyer, 1999). On the basis of The All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), the object was cataloged in the VSX as an semi-regular variable with a periodicity around 418 days. At the beginning of August 2018, the ASAS-SN survey indicated a rapid brightening of the star. Following high-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations clarified the nature of HBHA 1704-05 as a symbiotic...

### Long-term activity of cataclysmic variables and related objects (large amplitude features)

V. Simon
Cataclysmic variables and their relatives (low-mass X-ray binaries) are very active objects. We summarize the dominant features of their activity. We show that monitoring by various types of instruments is necessary to detect the events (e.g. outbursts, transitions between the high and low states) which are often unpredictable. Histograms of brightness provide us with the properties of activity of various types of such objects. Photographic monitoring spanning for about a century enables to study the...

### The APPLAUSE-Projekt: The plate archives

U. Heber
The Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte in Bamberg, the Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik, Potsdam and the Hamburger Sternwarte host important astronomical plate archives. Astronomers from those institutions teamed up to digitize their archives, calibrate and integrate them into the publically available database APPLAUSE. In an international collaboration also the plate archive of the Tartu observatory was included. Here we briefly describe the instrumentations used and the history of the plate archives of the collaboration.

### The photographic heritage of astronomy in Bonn

M. Geffert
From the beginning of the photographic observations by Küstner in Bonn at 1900 it was planned that future astronomers may use these data for the determination of proper motions. This idea was realised by astronomers of Bonn starting in 1981. Their efforts resulted mainly in determinations of proper motions of stars in open and globular clusters. Moreover, astronomers from Hoher List observatory took plates for the search of variable stars. We give an overview of...

### Records from the past: variable stars from the Asiago plate archive

R. Nesci
Direct plates archives may be used to remeasure stars which were the target of the observations or to look at other stars discovered to be interesting only at a later time. I present here two cases: a search for Long Period Variable (LPV) stars on IR plates, and a search for past outbursts of a recently discovered cataclismic variable.Long period red variables (LPV) have been searched in a collection of Schmidt plates of the Asiago...

### Photographic and Digital Surveys at Sonneberg Observatory

P. Kroll
Sonneberg Observatory run photographic sky surveys (Sky Patrol and Field Patrol) from 1923 through 2010, the plates of which have mostly been digitized. The goal of continuation of the surveys by digital means has gradually been realized by fish-eye cameras and small telescopes monitoring of selected fields. The talk provides a brief overview on current scanning, observing and analysing activities.

### Sternberg Astronomical Institute’s plate collection: the present and future of its scientific use

N. Samus Et Al.
There are more than 10 millions astronomical photographic negatives (glass plates and planfils/films) worldwide. Most of them represent stellar fields and solar images, but there are also numerous negatives with other celestial objects. There is large variety of these negatives (wide field and narrow field direct images, multiple images, low dispersion and high dispersion spectra etc.). I will give review and discussion of these databases including recent progress in their digitization and scienfic use.Direct plates...

### Astronomical Photographic Archives: Past, Present, Future

R. Hudec
There are more than 10 millions astronomical photographic negatives (glass plates and planfils/films) worldwide. Most of them represent stellar fields and solar images, but there are also numerous negatives with other celestial objects. There is large variety of these negatives (wide field and narrow field direct images, multiple images, low dispersion and high dispersion spectra etc.). I will give review and discussion of these databases including recent progress in their digitization and scienfic use.

### Digital Transformation of Cultural Heritage

A. Rapp
The Arts and Humanities are among the early adopters of computer technology. In the late 1940s, the linguist and Jesuit Father Roberto Busa S.J. convinced Thomas J Watson and IBM that the exploration of Thomas Aquinas' works could be more efficient using new digital methods. The index Thomisticus and the Corpus Thomisticum - a digital lemmatized collection of all works of Thomas Aquinas have gone through all phases of technological development - via punched cards,...

### Segmented infrared filters for the 1.3m telescope in the Slovak Tatra Mountains

T. Döring
Since 2015, the Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences is operating a modern EU-funded reflecting telescope with a 130 cm primary mirror, located in the Skalnaté Pleso Observatory in the Tatra Mountains at an altitude of 1783 m. The systematic observation of comets and binary systems on the northern hemisphere occurs with this instrument. In 2018, the funding agency BAYHOST (Bavarian Academic Center for Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe) granted the proposed project...

### Wendelstein Observatory - Going from diverse observation programs and hardware to reduced data ready for science

C. Gössl
Wendelstein Observatory (University of Munich, LMU) offers a wide range of observational capabilities, i.e. a 2m telescope with its three operational imaging and spectroscopic instruments and a 40cm telescope for students lab and monitoring projects. We describe how we schedule observations, monitor and archive science and technical data of the instruments, and how data gets processed to finally extract science from it.

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