This data set is composed of in situ measurements of salinity, temperature, coloured dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient at 443 nm (aCDOM(443)), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) measured during the TRANSDRIFT XVII and TRANSDRIFT XIX expeditions in August-September 2010 and 2011, respectively. A detailed description of water sampling and analysis for the TRANSDRIFT-XVII expedition can be found in Heim et al. (2014).

Planktonic foraminifera shell flux data from sediment trap IRM-1. These data extend the taxonomic coverage of previous work (Jonkers et al., 2020, 2013).

Planktonic foraminifera shell flux data (1990/1991) from Cap Blanc time series. These data extend the taxonomic coverage of previous work (Zaric, 2005) to all species. Overlapping data have been averaged.

To determine environmental tolerance of native species and related NIS under current and future global warming scenarios of the Baltic Sea, we conducted common garden experiments to test temperature tolerance of three euryhaline gammarid species: one Baltic (Gammarus oceanicus), one Ponto‐Caspian (Pontogammarus maeoticus) and one North American species (Gammarus tigrinus) in two different salinities.

This is the nutrient data (silicate and phosphate) measured on water bottle samples during PU2014 to the Barents Sea following standard procedures (Grasshoff et al., 2009).

Multibeam bathymetric data were acquired during R/V SONNE Cruises SO104, SO244, and R/V Marcus G. Langseth Cruise MGL1610. The datasets were individually processed and gridded with grid cell sizes of 75 m. For the combined grid, depth information from SO244 was used wherever possible. If no SO244 data were available, MGL1610 data were preferred over SO104 data.The backscatter data were collected during R/V SONNE Cruise SO244. For processing of the backscatter information, all data recorded...