EU has determined that 10 % of all fuel used in 2020 should be replaced by a biofuel. That substitute could be biodiesel. This project deals with the possibility of replacing 10 % of the used fuel in Denmark by biodiesel. Furthermore a comparison of the economic evaluation of two different plants was done. The crucial difference between the plants was purchase of the catalyst, enzymatic or chemical, with a difference of 17.3 mil. kr....

Risøs pretreatment expertice and methods have been used to extract sugars and nutrients from agriculturalwaste. screening have been done with algae and yeast species to test this medium for the industrial potential. further analysis of the nutrient content have been made.

we thought that there is a very important improvement to do by using composting toilets during Roskilde festival, in terms of environment and hygiene.

Cooking and producing clean drinking water is essential in third world countries. Using solar energy for these applications seems obvious and this project focuses on achieving this. It contains design and prototyping of a solar grill using accessible materials in many regards considered garbage after designated use. We build the solar grill from a parabolic shape and a reflective foil. This could be a trashed satellite dish and the wrapping of potato chips. Thus “up...

This work is on optimizing the absorption of CO2 from post combustion by using MEA(monoethanolamine) as solvent. The aim is to report detailed experimental concentration and temperature profiles for various operation conditions. In this work the height and liquid/gas ratio has been changed to find the optimum operation conditions. The data has been compared with theoretical values based on mathematical models.

This project investigates the use of nanoporous gold microelectrodes for detection of heavy metals in ground water. By the use of electrochemistry, the change in impendance by adjusting parameters as etching time and poresize, is determined.

Most modern "Intelligent" buildings is focused on enhancing the users control when interacting with the building, and simplifying this interaction. BIIIB is different because it analyses its users and then take over the control of the building based on this analysis. We have implemented a simple AI which controls the lighting in the the ground floor hallway of building 322. In this experiment we have managed to cut the time the lamps are turned on...

This project aims to optimize the solar cell by applying a new kind of material, black silicon, in order to optimize the absorption of the solar radiation. By changing the surface of the conventional solar cell absorption-material, silicon, on nanoscale, the absorption can possibly and hopefully be improved. If this is the case the next challenge in this project is to incorporate the material in a functioning solar cell, which can actually transform sunlight into...

This project aims to optimize the solar cell by applying a new kind of material, black silicon, in order to optimize the absorption of the solar radiation. By changing the surface of the conventional solar cell absorption-material, silicon, on nanoscale, the absorption can possibly and hopefully be improved. If this is the case the next challenge in this project is to incorporate the material in a functioning solar cell, which can actually transform sunlight into...

The project addresses the question of polylactide (PLA) biodegradable plastic and how its properties might be improved, thereby allowing this plant-derived renewable material to be used in a wider range of food packaging applications. In particular, PLA-nanoclay masterbatches will be produced and characterised in the laboratory and selected films produced from these masterbatches will also be studied. As an outcome, we will advance the knowledge base in terms of optimised PLA nanocomposite masterbatch production methods.

This project develops a micro fluidic system for trapping algae in microchambers. The system comprises chambers, valves with a membrane as lock, and filters to provide a growth medium. Membrane strength, stability, deflection, thickness and filter types is studied. When deflection increases, thickness decreases. An applied pressure in the membrane decreases exponentially with time to a pressure above ambient pressure. The relation between the pressure where the growth medium leak through the valve and membrane...

In an average combustion engine automobile, more than half of the fuel energy released upon combustion, is lost through dissipated heat. By employing the principle of absorption cooling, our project aims to utilize this excess heat to provide the cooling needed for the car’s climate system. This would in turn increase the fuel efficiency of the average car with up to 10%, as the conventional cooling system in today’s cars is a compressor driven system,...

It is crucial for the development of tomorrows green technologies, to ensure a sufficient engineering work-force in the future. However, application for engineering educations is low. Here I present a virtual laboratory that aims to educate and inspire young people to study greentech engineering. Furthermore, the project aims to reduce the use of chemicals and lab-equipment through replacement of some experiments with in silico simulations. In the virtual laboratory genetic engineering can be applied to...

The Stirling engine is a heat engine driven by an external heat source in contrast to a normal internal combustion engine. Because of the external independent heat source the Stirling Engine is very versatile in its fuel selection. In modern industry Stirling Engines runs on bio-fuels or waste heat from electricity production. In our project we will use green sustainable energy, by focusing sun rays directly at a Stirling Engine with a parabolic reflector, to...

In this paper, an analytical approach to modelling coupled fringe and core degradation of a contaminant plume is presented. Explicit steady-state solutions are derived in three dimensions using a well-known analytical solution for a continuous planar source problem. These solutions provide rapid methods to evaluate the risk of subsurface pollution by contaminated groundwater plumes at field sites, particulary in terms of maximum potential plume length. The resulting fringe-core degradation model suggests the controlling parameters of...

The availability of reliable constitutive models linking the bulk electric properties of porous media to their inner structure is a key requirement for useful quantitative applications of non invasive methods. In this paper we focus on the use of dielectric measurements for (time-lapse) monitoring of fluid saturation changes in porous materials, e.g. via Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) or ground penetrating radar (GPR). A number of empirical, semi-empirical and theoretical relationships have been proposed, linking the...

Pump-and-treat (PAT) techniques are often applied to the remediation of dissolved chemicals from shallow aquifers. A related management problem typically consists of the selection of the pumping strategy and the most appropriate treatment method, in order to minimize the total cleanup cost while meeting a set of technical, economic and social constraints. However, due to scarcity of information about the hydrogeological system, stochastic modeling approaches seem more appropriate. Of primary concern is the inherent spatial...

Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate Dynamic Capillary Pressure Effect in Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media Simona Bottero, Majid Hassanizadeh Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O.Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands It is known from literature that traditional equations describing two-phase flow processes in porous media may be inadequate in case of non-equilibrium or dynamic condition. In the latest theory an additional dynamic term is proposed such that capillary pressure may depends on...

Fluid pressure in porous media is commonly measured by means of a manometer or a pressure transducer. The measurement is actually done on a body of fluids just outside the porous medium, which is in hydraulic contact with the fluid just inside the porous medium. It is almost always assumed that the measured pressure is equal to some volumetric average pressure of the fluid inside the porous medium. This major assumption however, has never been...

We study the numerical behaviour and the relationships between some numerical methods derived from the Mixed Finite Element (MFE) formulation and from the Control Volume formulation using the Multi-Point Flux Approximation (MPFA) of Aavatsmark et al. (1996). All methods are locally mass conservative and are well suited to solve the flow problem for both steady state (elliptic case) an transient (parabolic case) on a general irregular grid with anisotropic and heterogeneous discontinuous coefficients. Hybridization of...

Subsurface heterogeneity has a significant influence on infiltration and distribution of DNAPLs. Numerical models of multiphase flow are limited by their ability to predict behavior of DNAPLs in the field due to lack of accurate data on characterization of heterogeneity. However, these models help to obtain insights into the complex behavior that will be useful in designing effective remediation schemes. A number of multiphase flow codes that have the ability to capture the fundamental processes...

Fluid flow in coupled free and porous domain, particularly when the porous medium is heterogeneous, is encountered in many hydro-environmental conditions. These include, e.g., groundwater hydrology, conjunctive surface and subsurface flow, mud cake formation during drilling of oil wells and others. One of the most difficult problems in the study of coupled flow behaviour has been the development of a universally applicable modelling scheme for combining the flow regimes. This is because the free/porous interfacial...

The presence of stagnant zones in porous media is often used to explain the observations of self-contradictory redox chemistry once the possibilities of borehole mixing are ruled out. As an example, methane is found in very small amounts in many suboxic groundwaters, though methanogenesis requires very reduced conditions (high H2 levels) in order to be thermodynamically feasible. This feature has been produced in a previous model using a simple dual-porosity 1-D PHREEQC model (Jakobsen, 2002),...

We present a Lattice-Boltzmann model for bacterial chemotaxis that accounts, at the pore scale, for advective-diffusive transport of the bacteria and a reaction of the bacteria with a chemoattractant. The model was validated by simulating experiments on the degradation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas putida in a capillary tube containing either bulk liquid or glass beads. Naphthalene was initially uniformly distributed in the void space of a tube. Then, one tube inlet was brought into contact...

We are introducing a novel technology applicable to the robust interpretation of the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity in heterogenous formations. The evidence theory approach is based on a combination of directly measured hydrogeological and geophysical data together with expert opinion. The approach first utilizes fuzzy-set based approximate reasoning to quantify subjective expert opinion, especially when data are scarce, to create a fuzzy prior characterization of the hydraulic conductivity field. Subjective information includes, but is...